Cardioprotective Effect of Mumie (Shilajit) on Experimentally Induced Myocardial Injury

Abstract

This study assessed the effects of mumie (shilajit) pre-treatment, a traditional drug which is well known in the ancient medicine of both east and west, on cardiac performance of rats subjected to myocardial injury. Animals were divided into control, M250, and M500 (received mumie at dosages of 250 and 500 mg/kg/day, orally for 7 days, respectively) main groups each consisting of two subgroups-with and without heart injury. On the 6th and 7th days, isoproterenol (ISO) (85 mg/kg i.p.) was injected (s.c.) to half of the animal subgroups to induce myocardial damage. On the 8th day, after hemodynamic parameter recordings, hearts were removed for further evaluation. Mumie pre-treatment had no significant effects on hemodynamic and cardiac indices of normal animals. When the cardiac injury was induced, mumie maintained the ±dp/dt maximum, attenuated the serum cardiac troponin I, and reduced the severity of cardiac lesions. Despite the mild positive effects of mumie on total antioxidant capacity and lipid proxidation index, no significant difference was observed among animal groups. The findings suggest the prominent cardioprotective effect of mumie against destructive effects of ISO. It seems that other mechanisms than reinforcements of antioxidant system are involved in this beneficial effect.

The effects of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) pretreatment on the resistance of the heart to myocardial injury

“…On the 8th day, the animals were anesthetized with sodium thiopental (50 mg/kg i.p.). The surgical preparation and the method for parameters recording have been described in the previous studies (Joukar et al 2012a(Joukar et al ,2014a. Briefly, the trachea of animals was cannulated, which allowed spontaneous breathing throughout the experiment.…”

“…The mean arterial pressure (MAP) was calculated by ''MAP ¼ Pd + (Ps À Pd)/3 formula'', where Pd ¼ diastolic arterial pressure and Ps ¼ systolic arterial pressure. The maximum velocity of contraction (+dp/dt max) and the maximum velocity of relaxation (Àdp/dt max) of the left ventricle were calculated from the left ventricular pressure trace (Joukar et al 2012a(Joukar et al ,2014a. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed.…”

“…In order to measurement of MDA and GPX per mg protein, the total protein was also measured by using the Lowry et al (1951) method. The level of plasma cardiac Troponin I is measured by VIDAS Troponin I ultra assay (TINU, 30448 BioMerieux, Lyon, France) which is an enzymelinked fluorescent immunoassay-based method (Joukar et al 2014a). The remaining portion of the heart was fixed by using the 10% buffered formalin (pH 7.4).…”

“…After the paraffin molding of the tissues, 5 mm thick sections which were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) were prepared, and later examined microscopically by a pathologist who was blind to the animal groupings. The lesions were graded as follows: (0) nil; (1) minimum ¼ very mild (focal myocytes damage); (2) mild (small multifocal degeneration with slight degree of inflammatory process); (3) moderate (extensive myofibrillar degeneration and/or diffuse inflammatory process); and (4) severe (necrosis with diffuse inflammatory process) (Joukar et al 2012a(Joukar et al ,2014a.…”

<p>Evaluation of the Effect of Fish Oil Alone and in Combination with a Proprietary Chromium Complex on Endothelial Dysfunction, Systemic Inflammation and Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus – A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study</p>

“…[27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Shilajit, a rock exudate containing free and chromoprotein-conjugated dibenzo-α-pyrones (urolithins) and fulvic acids as bioactives, finds broad use in Ayurveda for different clinical applications, such as improving cardiovascular health, upregulating collagen and related extracellular matrix protein genes [34][35][36][37][38] Shilajit seems to induce the growth of blood vessels 39 and has a prominent cardioprotective effect. 40 A clinical study with ω-3FA, in combination with another product, to broaden the spectrum of cardiovascular benefits of ω-3FA in T2DM, without increasing the size or cost of the dosage form significantly, is warranted. PCC, which has been shown previously in T2DM patients to improve endothelial function and the lipid profile, [41][42][43] may prove to be an ideal candidate to be added to ω-3FA, as the dose is small (10-20 mg).…”