Cardioprotective effect of garlic extract in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in a rat model: assessment of pro-apoptotic caspase-3 gene expression

Abstract

Background Myocardial Infarction (MI), also known as heart attack, is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases. Although certain drugs or mechanical means are used, day by day natural products such as herbs and spices based MI treatment is getting much popularity over the drugs or mechanical means for their pharmacological effects and have low or no side effects. This study was designed to assess the cardio-protective effect of methanolic extract of Bangladeshi multi clove garlic (Allium sativum) cultivar, a highly believed spice having cardioprotective activity, against isoproterenol (ISO) induced MI through cardiac histopathology as well as cardiac apoptotic caspase-3 gene expression study in female Wistar albino rats. Four groups containing 35 rats treated with respective agents like distill water / garlic extract (200 mg/kg-body-weight/day) up to 28 days and normal saline / ISO (100 mg/kg-body-weight/day) on 29th and 30th day were sacrificed (two rats/group/sacrifice) on the day 31, 46 and 61 and collecting the heart, cardiac histology and gene expression analysis were performed. Results ISO induced MI rats pretreated with garlic extract revealed up regulated expression of the cardiac apoptotic caspase-3 gene at the initial stage but finally the expressions gradually getting down regulated along with gradual improving the cardiac damage caused by apoptosis. Furthermore, only garlic extract pretreated rats were found undamaged cardioarchitecture and normal expressions of this gene. Conclusions These findings suggested that garlic extract confers having significant cardioprotective effect and consuming this spice with regular diet may reduce the risk of MI.

Boeravinone B alleviates gut dysbiosis during myocardial infarction‐induced cardiotoxicity in rats

“…Lactate dehydrogenase and CK‐MB serve as a significant biomarker of myocardial infarction (MI). During the MI, the level of LDH and CK‐MB boosted as a result of the expansion of diseased condition 9,10 . The current study showed the elevated levels of LDH and CK‐MB in the ISO‐induced MI group rats, and the levels of LDH and CK‐MB were suppressed by BB treatment which considerably decreased myocardial necrosis.…”

“…Exposure to ISO causes myocardial fibrosis in rats. Scar formation in myocardial tissue is often linked with the position and severity of ischaemia 9,10 . Previous research suggests that nitric oxide (NO) is a key molecule that significantly controls a variety of cardiac dysfunctions such as vasodilation, blood pressure, platelet and leucocyte adhesion and smooth muscle cell reduction.…”

“…ISO (1‐[3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl]‐2‐isopropylamino ethanol hydrochloride) is a synthetic β‐adrenergic catecholamine which is used in the infra maximal doses to regulate the heart function 3,8 . Supramaximal dose of ISO could induce stress in the myocardium by reducing the amount of stored energy molecules in cardiomyocytes, which ultimately induces the infarct such as necrosis and irreversible cellular damage 9,10 . Various synthetic drugs have been used for treating this condition of heart attack, but most of the treatments show more severe side effects which may be fatal for patients.…”

Garlic as a Potential Nominee in Functional Food Industry

“…In isoproterenol induced myocardial ischemia activity of lecithin acyl transferase was substantially improved along with control of 3-hydroxy-3methylgutaryl-coA reductase enzyme by garlic element S-allyl cysteine sulfoxide [60]. According to scientists observations, cholesterol synthesis can be controlled up to 40-60% by SAC, S-propyl cysteine and S-ethyl cysteine [61].…”

Effect of garlic supplementation on zootechnical performance and hepato-renal functions in nitrate-treated rabbits

“…The therapeutic potential of garlic (Allium sativum) has been demonstrated in the context of several pathological conditions (El-Saber Batiha et al, 2020;Nakamoto et al, 2020). Garlic has been reported to mitigate the neurotoxicity (Hassan et al, 2009), uropathogen invasion (Lionel et al, 2020), nephrotoxicity (Pedraza-Chaverri et al, 2008), and cardiac damage (Islam et al, 2020) associated with oxidative stress in animal models. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of garlic supplementation in rabbits that had been subject to nitrate poisoning.…”