Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) as a Novel Indicator of Arterial Stiffness: Theory, Evidence and Perspectives

Shirai, Kohji; Hiruta, Noriyuki; Song, Mingquiang; Kurosu, Takumi; Suzuki, Jun–ichi; Tomaru, Takanobu; Miyashita, Yoh; Atsuto, Saiki; Takahashi, Mitsuru; Suzuki, Kenji; Takata, Masanobu

doi:10.5551/jat.7716

Cited by 383 publications

(476 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…CAVI is a new index of the overall stiffness of an artery that branches from the aorta and runs to the ankle, and is independent of the blood pressure at the time of the measurement 19) . It was reported that CAVI increases not only with age but also with arteriosclerotic diseases, such as coronary artery disease, carotid arteriosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, and cerebrovascular disease [20][21][22] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optic Nerve Head Circulation Determined by Pulse Wave Analysis is Significantly Correlated with Cardio Ankle Vascular Index, Left Ventricular Diastolic Function, and Age

Shiba¹,

Takahashi²,

Hori³

et al. 2012

JAT

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Aim:To determine whether there is a significant correlation between optic nerve head circulation determined by pulse wave analysis of laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG), and the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), left ventricular (LV) function, and age. Methods: Forty-nine men who visited the Vascular Function Section of Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba, Japan were studied. The mean age of the subjects was 60.7±10.6 years (range 29 to 80 years). The CAVI, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) as a function of the systolic LV function, early diastolic mitral annulus velocity (e'), and the ratio of transmitral early peak velocity (E) to e' (E/e' ratio) as the diastolic LV function, and the optic nerve head circulation determined by pulse wave analysis of the LSFG. This parameter was named the blowout time (BOT). Results: The BOT was significantly correlated with age, heart rate, body mass index (BMI), triglyceride, LVEF, e' velocity, E/e' ratio, and CAVI. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that age was significantly associated with CAVI (r = 0.36, p= 0.002), BOT (r =−0.30, p= 0.01) and e' velocity (r =−0.21, p= 0.04). Conclusions:The BOT of the optic nerve head circulation determined by LSFG was significantly correlated with age but was independent of cardiac diastolic function and arterial stiffness. This suggests that the damage to different organs increases with age. Our results confirmed that BOT can be helpful in evaluating physiological aging of the microcirculation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optic Nerve Head Circulation Determined by Pulse Wave Analysis is Significantly Correlated with Cardio Ankle Vascular Index, Left Ventricular Diastolic Function, and Age

Shiba¹,

Takahashi²,

Hori³

et al. 2012

JAT

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“…8,[19][20][21][22][23] After examinations had been performed on the right and left sides, the lower ankle-brachial pressure index and the higher CAVI were selected for analyses. Ankle-brachial pressure index o0.9 was considered as indicative of peripheral arterial disease.…”

Section: Measurement Of Ankle-brachial Pressure Index and Cavimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,10-12 Indeed, SBI is related to arteriolosclerosis such as lipohyalinosis and microatheroma, while WMHs are associated with the extravasation of toxic plasma constituents into the cerebral parenchyma due to endothelial dysfunction. [8][9][10][11][12] Finally, CAVI is independent of blood pressure because of the adjustment of blood pressure based on a stiffness parameter b, which is an index of local stiffness of a blood vessel, [20][21][22][23] and the stiffness parameter b may not be associated with WMHs. In the present study, both hypertension and age were independently associated with WMHs, which is consistent with observations from previous reports.…”

Section: Arterial Stiffness and Silent Brain Infarct N Saji Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,[19][20][21][22][23][24] Arterial stiffness, as measured by conventional carotidfemoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement, aortic PWV measurement or non-invasive brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) measurement, is associated with microvascular early atherosclerotic changes and is an independent predictor for cardiovascular events and deaths. [1][2][3]7,13,14,[25][26][27][28][29] Furthermore, baPWV can be used to assess for the presence of SBI and WMHs.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Silent brain infarct is independently associated with arterial stiffness indicated by cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI)

et al. 2012

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It is still unclear whether silent brain infarct (SBI) and white-matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are associated with cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), a novel parameter of arterial stiffness. We studied 220 consecutive patients (mean age, 69 years) without a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack. Patients were assessed for the presence of SBI, WMHs and risk factors. Arterial stiffness was evaluated using CAVI. Patients were categorized into one of two groups according to the presence or absence of SBI and WMHs, and clinical characteristics were compared between the two groups. CAVI was significantly higher in patients with SBI or in patients with WMHs than in those without those respective findings. The CAVI cutoff values for detection of SBI and WMHs were 9.2 and 8.9, respectively. On multivariable analyses, CAVI, a one point increase in CAVI: odds ratio (OR), 1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.56; CAVIX9.2: OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.16-5.02, was independently associated with SBI, however, CAVI was not independently associated with WMHs. Patients with CAVI X9.2 had higher OR for the presence of both SBI and WMHs (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.15-5.98) when compared with patients with CAVI o9.2 after adjustment for age and sex. SBI is independently associated with arterial stiffness indicated by CAVI.

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“…In our data set, CAVI values significantly increased in DLP patients with hypertension as compared to normotensive patients; however, hypertensive group members were older than those in the group without hypertension, and CAVI is an age-dependent parameter 7,22) . It has been reported that CAVI of healthy men increased almost linearly with age from 20 to 70 years 23) ; a positive correlation between CAVI jects (p＜0.001), but the hypertensive group was older than the normotensive group (p＜0.001). There was no significant difference in CAVI among smokers, previous smokers and non-smokers (p = 0.217) and no differences in CAVI were observed between subjects with or without diabetes mellitus (p=0.424) ( Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in Subjects with Dyslipidaemia and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Soška

Frantisová

Dobšák

et al. 2013

JAT

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Aim:The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is a novel non-invasive marker of arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis. The aim of this work was to examine whether the CAVI value in patients with dyslipidaemia (DLP) is increased by the presence of other cardiovascular risk factors: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking. Methods: A total of 392 subjects with DLP (166 male, 226 female), with a median age of 58.5 and 5-95 percentile range 32.2-73.9 years were examined. CAVI was measured using the VaSera 1500 system. Results: CAVI correlated significantly with age (p＜0.001) and both systolic (p＜0.001) and diastolic (p=0.002) blood pressure; higher values were found in men (p= 0.034) than in women in the 56-65 age group. There was no significant difference in CAVI between smokers and non-smokers (p = 0.217) and between subjects with and without diabetes mellitus (p=0.424). CAVI was significantly higher in subjects with hypertension than in the normotensive group (p＜0.001) and in statin-treated subjects than in those without statins (p＜0.001); however, CAVI values adjusted for age and sex did not differ significantly between these groups. Adjusted CAVI values were higher only in smokers than in non-smokers (former smokers) (p＜0.001). Conclusion:The study proves conclusively that the CAVI value in DLP patients is not significantly affected by hypertension and diabetes mellitus, but it is increased by smoking.

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Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) as a Novel Indicator of Arterial Stiffness: Theory, Evidence and Perspectives

Cited by 383 publications

References 68 publications

Optic Nerve Head Circulation Determined by Pulse Wave Analysis is Significantly Correlated with Cardio Ankle Vascular Index, Left Ventricular Diastolic Function, and Age

Optic Nerve Head Circulation Determined by Pulse Wave Analysis is Significantly Correlated with Cardio Ankle Vascular Index, Left Ventricular Diastolic Function, and Age

Silent brain infarct is independently associated with arterial stiffness indicated by cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI)

Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in Subjects with Dyslipidaemia and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

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