Cardinal temperatures and thermal time in Polaskia Backeb (Cactaceae) species: Effect of projected soil temperature increase and nurse interaction on germination timing

The objective of this work was to estimate the cardinal temperatures and to quantify the thermal requirements for the initial development of seedlings of the native tree species Citharexylum myrianthum and Bixa orellana. A field experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 2?12 factorial arrangement (2 tree species and 12 sowing dates), with five replicates. The base, optimum, and maximum temperatures for the development of C. myrianthum were 11.4, 18.1, and 36.6°C, and, for B. orellana, 12.0, 18.4, and 46.4°C. The thermal requirements for the development of C. myrianthum was 66.7°C day per leaf, and, for B. orellana, 82.5°C day per leaf. In the initial development, B. orellana shows a large thermal amplitude and is tolerant to extreme temperatures, while C. myrianthum shows a large thermal amplitude, but a lower thermal requirement and a more rapid development than B. orellana.

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“…Backeb., with 51.3ºC, and P. chende (Rol.-Goss.) A.C.Gibson & K.E.Horak, with 54.5ºC (Ordoñez-Salanueva et al, 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardinal temperatures and thermal requirements for the initial development of two Brazilian native species

Ferreira

Martins

Florêncio

et al. 2019

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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“…responses to ex situ and in situ environments, insights have been gained of the spatial and temporal components of emergence, with apparent universal applicability across habitats and lifeforms (D€ urr et al, 2015;Orr u et al, 2012;Porceddu, Mattana, Pritchard, & Bacchetta, 2013;Pritchard, Steadman, Nash, & Jones, 1999;Steadman & Pritchard, 2004). Recently, thermal time modelling has been applied to a limited number of species to predict and validate germination performance under various climate change scenarios (Fern andez-Pascual et al, 2015;Ordoñez-Salanueva et al, 2015;Orr u et al, 2012).…”

Section: Through Both Intra-and Interspecific Comparisons Of Species'mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many cactus species are already of high conservation concern (IUCN, 2016) and more are predicted to face extinction in the near future (Goettsch et al, 2015). While the temperature dependency of the maximum germination potential is known for many cacti (for review see Rojas-Ar echiga & V azquez-Yanes, 2000), germination rate and thermal time investigations are limited to c. 10 species (D€ urr et al, 2015;Ortega-Baes et al, 2011;Simão, Takaki, & Cardoso, 2010) and rarely address future germination performance (Ordoñez-Salanueva et al, 2015).…”

Section: Through Both Intra-and Interspecific Comparisons Of Species'mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We chose the Cactaceae as they are key components of diverse habitats, ranging from arid deserts, to occasionally, tropical rainforests (Hunt, Taylor, & Charles, 2006;Ortega-Baes et al, 2010), and are of high socioeconomic interest for food, medicine, building materials and ornaments (Anderson, 2001). While the temperature dependency of the maximum germination potential is known for many cacti (for review see Rojas-Ar echiga & V azquez-Yanes, 2000), germination rate and thermal time investigations are limited to c. 10 species (D€ urr et al, 2015;Ortega-Baes et al, 2011;Simão, Takaki, & Cardoso, 2010) and rarely address future germination performance (Ordoñez-Salanueva et al, 2015). Many cactus species are already of high conservation concern (IUCN, 2016) and more are predicted to face extinction in the near future (Goettsch et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vast majority of the world's flora relies on seed germination for natural regeneration, and variation in seed germination rate has important downstream consequences on seedling performance, such as emergence timing, and on later stages of the plant life cycle, such as seed yield (Finch-Savage, 1995). Yet surprisingly, the sensitivity of germination to global temperature change has been quantified for only about 0.1% of species (D€ urr, Dickie, Yang, & Pritchard, 2015), including crop species such as pearl millet (Garcia-Huidobro, Monteith, & Squire, 1982) and chickpea , and wild species from Europe (alpine species, Mondoni, Rossi, Orsenigo, & Probert, 2012;Vitis vinifera, Orr u, Mattana, Pritchard, & Bacchetta, 2012;Carex diandra, Fern andez-Pascual, Seal, & Pritchard, 2015), Australia (40 species of Banksia, Cochrane, 2015), Africa (Colophospermum mopane, Stevens, Seal, Archibald, & Bond, 2014) and Mexico (Polaskia chende and P. chichipe, Ordoñez- Salanueva et al, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Thermal buffering capacity of the germination phenotype across the environmental envelope of the Cactaceae

Seal

Daws

Flores

et al. 2017

Global Change Biology

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Recruitment from seeds is among the most vulnerable stage for plants as global temperatures change. While germination is the means by which the vast majority of the world's flora regenerate naturally, a framework for accurately predicting which species are at greatest risk of germination failure during environmental perturbation is lacking. Taking a physiological approach, we assess how one family, the Cactaceae, may respond to global temperature change based on the thermal buffering capacity of the germination phenotype. We selected 55 cactus species from the Americas, all geo-referenced seed collections, reflecting the broad environmental envelope of the family across 70° of latitude and 3700 m of altitude. We then generated empirical data of the thermal germination response from which we estimated the minimum (T ), optimum (T ) and ceiling (T ) temperature for germination and the thermal time (θ ) for each species based on the linearity of germination rate with temperature. Species with the highest T and lowest T germinated fastest, and the interspecific sensitivity of the germination rate to temperature, as assessed through θ , varied tenfold. A left-skewed asymmetry in the germination rate with temperature was relatively common but the unimodal pattern typical of crop species failed for nearly half of the species due to insensitivity to temperature change at T . For 32 fully characterized species, seed thermal parameters correlated strongly with the mean temperature of the wettest quarter of the seed collection sites. By projecting the mean temperature of the wettest quarter under two climate change scenarios, we predict under the least conservative scenario (+3.7°C) that 25% of cactus species will have reduced germination performance, whilst the remainder will have an efficiency gain, by the end of the 21st century.

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What are the demographic consequences of a seed bank stage for columnar cacti?

et al. 2021

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The dynamics of plant populations are often limited by the early stages in their life cycles. However, information regarding seed bank dynamics and how these may influence the whole life cycle of plant species is remarkably scarce or not considered explicitly. This lack of knowledge is due mainly to the challenges in quantifying seed vital rates. Studies of arid land plant species have historically been focused on the drivers of sporadic recruitment. However, little attention has been given to the demographic consequences of early developmental stages, and how seed banks affect their dynamics. Here, we evaluate the effects of seed bank survival and seedling recruitment vital rates on the population dynamics and viability of 12 columnar cacti species. Recent evidence suggests that cacti seeds may remain viable for the short-term. We assess how changes in the vital rates of these processes and the inclusion of a seed bank affect population growth rate (λ). We found that a seed bank in the examined matrix population models significantly increased λ as well as the vital rate elasticities of λ to growth and fecundity, whereas that of overall survival decreased. Our numerical simulations showed that seed survival had a more considerable effect on λ than seedling recruitment and establishment. We suggest that the seed bank may explain the structure and population dynamics. Thus, we reconsider that this early stage in demographic models will generate more informed decisions on the conservation and management of columnar cacti.

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Cardinal temperatures and thermal time in Polaskia Backeb (Cactaceae) species: Effect of projected soil temperature increase and nurse interaction on germination timing

Cited by 29 publications

References 36 publications

Cardinal temperatures and thermal requirements for the initial development of two Brazilian native species

Cardinal temperatures and thermal requirements for the initial development of two Brazilian native species

Thermal buffering capacity of the germination phenotype across the environmental envelope of the Cactaceae

What are the demographic consequences of a seed bank stage for columnar cacti?

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