Cardiac timing and threatening stimuli influence response inhibition and ex‐Gaussian parameters of reaction time in a Go/No‐go task

Abstract

Sensorimotor responses vary as a function of the cardiac cycle phase. These effects, known as cardiac cycle time effects, have been explained by the inhibition of cardiac afferent signals on information processing. However, the validity of cardiac cycle time effects is challenged by mixed findings. Factors such as current information processing and affective context may modulate cardiac cycle time effects and account for inconsistencies in the literature. The current study examines the influence of cardiac cycle time and threatening stimuli on two aspects of sensorimotor processing, response speed and inhibition. Thirty-four participants (M age = 19.35 years; 29 female) completed an auditory Go/No-go task in no face, neutral face, and fearful face conditions. Faces were presented at either cardiac diastole or systole. Participants' reaction times (RTs) during Go trials and failures in response inhibition during No-go trials were recorded. The ex-Gaussian model was fit to RT data in each condition deriving the parameters, mu (μ) and tau (τ), that indicate response speed and attentional lapses, respectively. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze behavioral data. Results showed that cardiac systole prolonged μ but decreased τ, and that cardiac diastole reduced inhibition errors in the fearful face condition but not in other conditions. These findings indicate that cardiac timing differentially modulates sensory-perceptual and top-down attentional processes and cardiac timing interacts with threatening contexts to influence response inhibition. These results highlight the specificity of cardiac cycle time effects on sensorimotor processing.

Triggered by your heart: Effects of cardioafferent traffic and stress on automatic responses in a Simon task

“…In a neutral stop-signal-task, Rae et al (2018) found response inhibition efficiency to be increased when stop stimuli were presented during systole. On the other hand, Yang et al (2023) found response inhibition to be decreased during systole in a comparable Go/No-Go paradigm. However, only in response to threat stimuli are known to benefit from facilitated processing during systole (Critchley & Garfinkel, 2015;Garfinkel et al, 2014;Garfinkel & Critchley, 2016).…”

“…On the other hand, Yang et al. (2023) found response inhibition to be decreased during systole in a comparable Go/No‐Go paradigm. However, only in response to threat stimuli are known to benefit from facilitated processing during systole (Critchley & Garfinkel, 2015; Garfinkel et al., 2014; Garfinkel & Critchley, 2016).…”

An attention-based approach for assessing the effectiveness of emotion-evoking in immersive environment

“…The presented results indicate that consistency of video valance and emotional face can significantly increase ex-Gaussian parameter τ . According to prior work, attentional or intentional processes can be captured by the exponential tail of the distribution (i.e., τ ) [50] . Specifically, high values of τ index greater lapses in sustained attention [13] , [50] .…”

“…According to prior work, attentional or intentional processes can be captured by the exponential tail of the distribution (i.e., τ ) [50] . Specifically, high values of τ index greater lapses in sustained attention [13] , [50] . In our experiment, greater τ indicates more trials of long RT for participants to withdraw attention from stimuli when it is consistent with participants' current emotional state, which aligns with existing literature [1] , [3] , [26] , [39] , [42] .…”

“…Specifically, the Gaussian components of the RT data, μ and σ , are used to mirror automatic, lower-level sensory-perceptual processes, encompassing information encoding and motor preparation/execution [13] . Conversely, the exponential tail, represented by τ , is presumed to capture lapses in attention resulting from deficiencies in top-down attentional control [13] , [37] , [50] .…”