Cardiac-somatic changes during a simple reaction time task: A developmental study

Obrist, Paul A.; Howard, James L.; Sutterer, James R.; Hennis, R.Sterling; Murrell, Doris

doi:10.1016/0022-0965(73)90172-0

Cited by 33 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Agreement also exists linking this deceleration to increased cortical activation and receptivity (e.g., Lacey, 1967;Obrist, 1968). Amplitude and reliability of heart rate of anticipatory deceleration appear to increase with maturation (Obrist, 1973) and greater heart rate deceleration coincides with shorter reaction time latencies (Webb & Obrist, 1970). The skin conductance anticipatory response is less clearly understood, but usually is characterized by a monotonic increase in conductance as signal onset approaches (e.g., Lacey, 1967).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic correlates of chronic schizophrenia: A reaction time paradigm.

Gray¹

1975

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Basal, tonic, and two phasic measures of heart rate and skin conductance were assessed among 16 drug-free, chronic, process, nonparanoid schizophrenics and two groups of control subjects (hospital staff and prison inmates). Of particular interest were changes in autonomic activity that attended manipulation of "go" signal intensity within a reaction time paradigm. Among control subjects, increased signal intensity produced increases in tonic levels and amplitude of anticipatory responding. Among schizophrenics, however, the reverse occurred: Increased signal intensity resulted in decreased tonic levels and inhibition of anticipatory responding. The schizophrenic responses occurred in the absence of basal level differences between groups. Results are interpreted as indicating the presence of a learned anticipatory set that serves to reduce the impact of stimulus intensity. This inhibitory set would also appear to reduce receptivity to the cue component of stimuli.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic correlates of chronic schizophrenia: A reaction time paradigm.

Gray¹

1975

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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“…Although exercise play breaks are related to children's attention to classroom tasks (Pellegrini & Davis, 1993;Pellegrini et al, 1995), alternative explanations abound. Future research should examine the extent to which cognitive performance-for example, task attention measured by gaze and heart-rate variability and possibly vagal tone (Obrist, Howard, Sutterer, Hennis, & Murrell, 1973;Porges, 1992) for children of different ages-is increased as a function of "breaks" during cognitive tasks.…”

Section: Function Of Exercise Play For Cognitive Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity Play: The Nature and Function of a Neglected Aspect of Play

1998

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In this review, we consider the nature and possible developmental functions of physical activity play, defined as a playful context combined with a dimension of physical vigor. We distinguish 3 kinds of physical activity play, with consecutive age peaks: rhythmic stereotypies peaking in infancy, exercise play peaking during the preschool years, and rough-and-tumble play peaking in middle childhood. Gender differences (greater prevalence in males) characterize the latter 2 forms. Function is considered in terms of beneficial immediate and deferred consequences in physical, cognitive, and social domains. Whereas most theories assume that children's play has deferred benefits, we suggest that forms of physical activity play serve primarily immediate developmental functions. Rhythmic stereotypies in infancy are hypothesized to improve control of specific motor patterns. Exercise play is hypothesized to function primarily for strength and endurance training; less clear evidence exists for possible benefits for fat reduction and thermoregulation. In addition, there may be cognitive benefits of exercise play that we hypothesize to be largely incidental to its playful or physical nature. Rough-and-tumble play has a distinctive social component; we hypothesize that it serves primarily dominance functions; evidence for benefits to fighting skills or to emotional coding are more equivocal. Further research is indicated, given the potentially important implications for children's education, health, and development.

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“…This distinction seemed important because sustained attention has been linked to the ability to inhibit physical activity (e.g., Halverson & Waldrop, 1973;Obrist, Howard, Sutterer, Hennis, & Murrell, 1973;Rothbart, in press). This distinction seemed important because sustained attention has been linked to the ability to inhibit physical activity (e.g., Halverson & Waldrop, 1973;Obrist, Howard, Sutterer, Hennis, & Murrell, 1973;Rothbart, in press).…”

Section: Predictive Value Of Quantitative Behavioral Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Stability of Individual Differences in Sustained Attention in the Early Years

Ruff¹,

Lawson²,

Parrinello³

et al. 1990

Child Development

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The goal of this longitudinal study was to explore whether early measures of attention and inattention would be predictive of later attentiveness and whether there was any evidence of stable individual differences in attentiveness. Both full-term and preterm children were observed at 1, 2, and 3.5 years in free play and in more structured situations. For the group as a whole, and for full-terms separately, quantitative measures of inattention at 2 years were predictive of comparable measures at 3.5 years. For preterms separately, quantitative measures of inattention at 1 year were predictive of both behavior and the mothers' rating on the Conners Hyperactivity subscale at 3.5 years. Global, qualitative ratings of attentiveness at 1 and 2 years were predictive of mothers' ratings on the Conners at 3.5 years for the group as a whole and for full-terms separately. For full-terms only, the global ratings of attentiveness at 1 and 2 years were also predictive of 3.5-year quantitative measures of behavior. These data provide an encouraging base for further investigation of early individual differences in attentiveness and of possible early precursors of later attention deficits.

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Cardiac-somatic changes during a simple reaction time task: A developmental study

Cited by 33 publications

References 21 publications

Autonomic correlates of chronic schizophrenia: A reaction time paradigm.

Autonomic correlates of chronic schizophrenia: A reaction time paradigm.

Physical Activity Play: The Nature and Function of a Neglected Aspect of Play

Long-Term Stability of Individual Differences in Sustained Attention in the Early Years

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