Autonomic correlates of chronic schizophrenia: A reaction time paradigm.

Gray, Arne L.

doi:10.1037/h0076719

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, there is considerable variability among the studies and apparently considerable heterogeneity among schizophrenic patients within the studies. Similar variability has been found with othef autonomic measures such as heart rate (Gray 1975;Zahn 1975). We turn next to the elicitation and habituation of phasic SCR-ORs, measures that may help identify more homogeneous subgroups of schizophrenic patients.…”

Section: Cross-sectional Comparisons Of Schizophrenic Patients and No...supporting

confidence: 75%

Psychophysiological Dysfunctions in the Developmental Course of Schizophrenic Disorders

Dawson¹,

Nuechterlein²

1984

Schizophrenia Bulletin

200

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Psychophysiological anomalies in symptomatic schizophrenic patients, remitted schizophrenic patients, and individuals at heightened risk for a schizophrenic disorder are reviewed with an emphasis on electrodermal anomalies. Two electrodermal anomalies are identified in different subgroups of symptomatic patients: (1) an abnormally high sympathetic arousal and (2) an abnormal absence of skin conductance orienting responses to innocuous environmental stimuli. The same two electrodermal anomalies also have been observed in remitted schizophrenic patients. Among high-risk individuals, the offspring of schizophrenic patients display abnormally high electrodermal responsiveness to aversive stimulation, whereas a substantial proportion of college students who score high on physical anhedonia (a putative risk factor for schizophrenia) exhibit skin conductance nonresponsiveness. Thus, heightened sensitivity to aversive stimulation appears to be associated with a genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia, while tonic hyperarousal , which occurs in subgroups of symptomatic and remitted schizophrenic patients, may reflect a later developmental consequence of the underlying vulnerability. Skin conductance nonresponsivity may represent a different developmental consequence associated with the same underlying vulnerability or it may represent a different type of vulnerability. Other psychophysiological anomalies also are promising indicators of the vulnerability to schizophrenia (e.g., deviant smooth pursuit eye movements, attenuated P300 component of the event-related brain potential, reduced electroencephalic (EEG) alpha activity, and heightened EEG delta activity).

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Section: Cross-sectional Comparisons Of Schizophrenic Patients and No...supporting

confidence: 75%

Psychophysiological Dysfunctions in the Developmental Course of Schizophrenic Disorders

Dawson¹,

Nuechterlein²

1984

Schizophrenia Bulletin

200

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The increased basal heart rate found in the schizo phrenic group is a well-known phenomenon and has been shown by several authors [7,8,11,13,14,[19][20][21][22][23], This observation is usually explained by an increased level of autonomic activity in certain groups of schizophrenics, which is regarded as a parameter of increased arousal lev el. Some of the studies, nevertheless, are difficult to inter pret, because patients were on neuroleptic drugs that are known to increase heart rate.…”

Section: Comparison With the Literature And Methodological Commentsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Orthostatic Challenge during Neuroleptic Test Dose: A Possible Predictor of Short-Term Outcome

Volz

Mackert²,

Diefenbacher³

et al. 1994

Neuropsychobiology

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Cardiovascular measurements were used as indicators of autonomic arousal during an orthostatic challenge test without medication and after a test dose of 150 mg perazine in 20 acute schizophrenic patients. Unmedicated schizophrenics showed elevated heart rates and elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure in comparison to healthy volunteers. After a test dose of 150 mg perazine, responders (using BPRS outcome criteria after 23 days) showed a pronounced orthostatic heart rate reaction in comparison to nonresponders. Results are discussed in relation to arousal theories and central dopaminergic activity in schizophrenia.

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“…The data were similar for the FPVR (Bernstein et al, 1985), although for this measure there was evidence of differential responding also in the schizophrenics. Similarly, the schizophrenics showed less secondary heart rate deceleration immediately before the imperative stimulus than did the controls (Gray, 1975;Zahn et al, 1981). Whereas the patients failed completely to prepare differentially for the imperative stimulus following the signal tone, the normal controls decelerated significantly more in this condition than during the corresponding time segment of the nonsignal tone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Orienting and schizophrenia: Stimulus significance, attention, and distraction in a signaled reaction time task.

Öhman¹,

Nordby²,

d'Elia³

1986

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Interpreting the orienting response as a call for controlled processing resources, we tested the hypothesis that poor performance among schizophrenics is associated with less orienting to task-relevant stimuli and more orienting to task-irrelevant stimuli. Thirty-two schizophrenics and 32 age-and sexmatched controls were exposed to a signaled reaction time task in which one tone was followed by an imperative noise stimulus and a different tone signaled nothing. During one phase of the experiment, distracting visual stimuli were presented both between and during reaction time trials. Orienting was assessed by measurement of skin conductance, heart rate, and finger pulse volume responses. The controls differentiated between the signal and nonsignal tones in all measures and showed rapid habituation to the distracting visual stimuli. The schizophrenics showed very slow reaction times, less overall responding than the control group, and very limited differential responses to signal and nonsignal stimuli. For the responses to visual distractors, however, the schizophrenics showed significantly slower habituation than the controls, confirming their inefficient orienting style. 326This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers.This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly.

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Autonomic correlates of chronic schizophrenia: A reaction time paradigm.

Cited by 21 publications

References 11 publications

Psychophysiological Dysfunctions in the Developmental Course of Schizophrenic Disorders

Psychophysiological Dysfunctions in the Developmental Course of Schizophrenic Disorders

Orthostatic Challenge during Neuroleptic Test Dose: A Possible Predictor of Short-Term Outcome

Orienting and schizophrenia: Stimulus significance, attention, and distraction in a signaled reaction time task.

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