Cardiac Safety of Diclofenac at a Single Dose in Ram

Abstract

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are frequently prescribed drug group in human and veterinary medicine. However, diclofenac, a traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, related to cardiotoxicity is reported, and blood cardiac damage markers may increase within the first hours after damage. The aim of the current research was to determine the effect of diclofenac on the blood cardiac damage markers. Single dose of diclofenac (2.5 mg/kg, IM) was injected to 6 rams. Blood samples were collected in before (0 hour, control) and 6 hours after injection. Specific (troponin I, and creatine kinase-MB) and nonspecific (lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase) blood cardiac damage marker concentrations, routine biochemical (hepatic damage, renal damage, lipid metabolism, glucose, and phosphorus) parameters, and hemogram values were measured. Diclofenac increased (P < 0.05) specific (troponin I) and nonspecific cardiac (lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase), hepatic (aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and alanine aminotransferase), and muscular (creatine kinase) damage markers and high density lipoprotein level, while it decreased (P < 0.05) low density lipoprotein level. Moreover, diclofenac decreased (P < 0.05) white blood cell counts and increased (P < 0.05) red blood cell counts. In conclusion, it may be stated that diclofenac shows slight cardiotoxicity, whereas it may show potent hepatic and muscular damage effects at an intramuscularly single dose in sheep. Thereby, repeated injections of diclofenac may be more harmful in sheep.

Interaction between Marbofloxacin and Flunixin in Treatment of Pneumonia in Lambs

“…Elevations in liver enzymes in our study may be due to alteration of membrane permeability or damage of hepatic cells by direct effect of the drugs resulting in escape of these enzymes to the plasma [38]. Increase of liver enzymes may be due to damaging effect of anti-inflammatory on liver [39]. The above mentioned results were supported by previous studies of Valberg [40] who stated that flunixin meglumine induced significant increase in liver enzymes.…”

Intravenous pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin following simultaneous administration with flunixin meglumine or diclofenac in sheep

“…During simultaneous administration, moxifloxacin was administered approximately within 1 min following the administration of diclofenac and flunixin meglumine. The doses of moxifloxacin (5 mg/kg, Sadariya et al, 2014), diclofenac (2.5 mg/kg, Er, Dik, Corum, & Cetin, 2013) and flunixin meglumine (2.2 mg/kg, Welsh, McKellar, & Nolan, 1993) were determined from previous studies in sheep. No local or systemic adverse effects were observed in sheep after IV administration of moxifloxacin alone and co-administration with diclofenac or flunixin meglumine.…”

Safety of Antitheilerial Drug Buparvaquone in Rams

“…Tn-I and CK-MB levels, which are used to define heart damage in humans, have been reported to be successfully used to determine heart damage in sheep. Furthermore, experimental studies conducted in sheep determined that the heart failure markers (Troponin I, CK-MB) increased in the first 6 h after administration [4,7]. In this research study, the statistically significant increases in Tn-I but not CK-MBmass levels could be considered indicative of mild cardiac damage.…”

“…The serum CK-MB and Tn-I levels were measured using a chemiluminescent immunoassay (Advia Centaur XP) 5 while LDH, ALP, ALT, AST, GGT, total protein, albumin, globulin, BUN, and creatinine concentrations were measured using an autoanalyzer (ILAB-300) 6 . Hemogram tests (white blood cell, red blood cell, platelet, hemoglobin, hematocrit) of heparinized blood samples were performed using a blood cell counting device (BC-2800 Auto Hematology) 7 .…”