Cardiac reactivity is associated with changes in negative emotion in 24‐month‐olds

Buss, Kristin A.; Goldsmith, H. Hill; Davidson, Richard J.

doi:10.1002/dev.20048

Cited by 67 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Because behaviorally uninhibited children are less fearful in novel situations, they may show less sympathetic activity at rest than inhibited children. However, the links between behavioral inhibition and PEP have not been very strong in prior research (Buss, Davidson, Kalin, & Goldsmith, 2004;Buss, Goldsmith, & Davidson, 2005;Talge, Donzella, & Gunnar, 2008), although a few do support an association between low fearfulness and longer PEP values, indicating low sympathetic arousal (Buss, et al, 2004;Buss, et al, 2005). It may be that this branch of the autonomic nervous system is not as responsive in young children (Quigley & Stifter, 2006).…”

Section: Sns Activationmentioning

confidence: 83%

Disinhibited behaviors in young children: Relations with impulsivity and autonomic psychophysiology

Muñoz

Anastassiou‐Hadjicharalambous

2011

Biological Psychology

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The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. In press. Biological Psychology Disinhibited Behaviors 2 AbstractCardiac activity has long been considered as a psychophysiological marker of adaptive psychological adjustment. Irregularities in autonomic nervous system activity have long been implicated in both externalizing and disinhibitory behaviors. The present study used a battery of assessments in children ages 4.5-5.5 years to examine the relation among disinhibitory measures. Additionally, cardiovascular activity and reactivity was examined. Mothers rated impulsivity and internalizing/externalizing behaviors. Reward-dominance and passiveavoidance response inhibition (i.e., via errors of commission) tasks were included. Resultsshowed that behaviorally uninhibited children began with an attenuated sympathetic response (i.e., lengthened pre-ejection period) to an interview with a novel experimenter, while inhibited children began with a high level of sympathetic activity. Further, behavioral impulsivity was related to low sympathetic activity at rest. Consistent with theories of disinhibition, externalizing behaviors and measures of behavioral impulsivity were related to a reward-dominant response style. Findings are discussed with regard to motivational theories of behavior.

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Section: Sns Activationmentioning

confidence: 83%

Disinhibited behaviors in young children: Relations with impulsivity and autonomic psychophysiology

Muñoz

Anastassiou‐Hadjicharalambous

2011

Biological Psychology

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“…It is thought that vagal tone suppression in response to stressful conditions supports the metabolic demand of energy to adequately activate behavioral systems to cope with social stress (Porges & Furman, 2011). A lack of vagal tone suppression during maternal unresponsiveness might prolong infants' exposure to social stress, contributing to long-lasting behavioral dysregulation and lower recovery (Buss, Goldsmith, & Davidson, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mother–infant dyadic reparation and individual differences in vagal tone affect 4-month-old infants’ social stress regulation

Provenzi

Casini

Simone

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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“…However, these associations were even more tenuous when fearfulness and PEP were measured under conditions of challenge. Perhaps this was because PEP measures did not change significantly in response to the stressor tasks used in these studies of young children: stranger approach (Buss et al, 2005) or watching fear-eliciting video clips (Talge, Donzella, & Gunnar, under review). Although it can be argued that such paradigms were not challenging enough to elicit sympathetic activation, there is some indication that this branch of the nervous system may become increasingly responsive with development (Buss et al, 2005;Finley & Nugent, 1995).…”

Section: Nih-pa Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perhaps this was because PEP measures did not change significantly in response to the stressor tasks used in these studies of young children: stranger approach (Buss et al, 2005) or watching fear-eliciting video clips (Talge, Donzella, & Gunnar, under review). Although it can be argued that such paradigms were not challenging enough to elicit sympathetic activation, there is some indication that this branch of the nervous system may become increasingly responsive with development (Buss et al, 2005;Finley & Nugent, 1995). It was also the case that in studies of fearfulness and PEP, the children were not selected to reflect extremes in temperamental fearfulness; thus, as in the studies of heart rate and temperamental fear, associations may be attenuated when extreme groups are not the focus of the research.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fearful temperament and stress reactivity among preschool‐aged children

Talge

Donzella

Gunnar

2008

Infant and Child Development

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In this study, we examined the relation between physiological stress-reactivity and temperamental fearfulness in 162 preschool-aged children. Both the autonomic and neuroendocrine arms of the mammalian stress system were examined. Larger stress responses were defined as greater sympathetic activation, parasympathetic withdrawal and cortisol increases to stressor tasks. Fearful temperament was examined using parent report and behavior in response to fear-evocative laboratory tasks. There was little evidence that larger sympathetic activation or parasympathetic withdrawal was associated with fearful temperament. Greater cortisol reactivity, however, was associated with fearful temperament. Additional analyses examined those children who were consistently fearful across all measures, and the results remained largely the same. However, there was some suggestion that consistently fearful compared to non-fearful children might be more likely to exhibit sympathetic activation to the fear-evocative stimuli. These findings provide support for the argument that fearful temperament is associated with greater stress reactivity in young children. Nonetheless the size of the associations was small and future studies will need to determine whether reactivity of stress-sensitive physiological systems contributes to the development of individual differences in fearful temperament or merely reflects these differences. Keywordstemperament; behavioral inhibition; cortisol; vagal tone; pre-ejection period; childrenThe role of temperamental fearfulness in individual differences in stress reactivity and regulation is of growing interest in developmental neuroscience (e.g., Buss et al., 2003;Kagan, Reznick, & Snidman, 1988) and biological psychiatry (Bakshi & Kalin, 2000;Smoller et al., 2005). This interest reflects an enhanced understanding of the neurobiology of both conditioned (LeDoux & Phelps, 2000) and unconditioned fear (Davis, Walker, & Lee, 1997) and belief that the distributed neural systems underlying acute expressions of fear also support more stable, temperamental variations in fearfulness (Rothbart, 1989). The distributed neural circuits that orchestrate fear behavior have outflows to both arms of the mammalian stress system (Charmandari, Tsigos, & Chrousos, 2005). Specifically, they activate both the autonomic nervous system (ANS) to support fight/flight reactions to threat and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system, a counter-regulatory system that has multiple roles in adaptation.One role of the HPA system is to shape future behavioral and physiological responses to threat through regulating gene expression in fear-orchestrating brain regions such as the amygdala (Sapolsky, Romero, & Munck, 2000 NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript temperamentally disposed to respond with fear to strange, novel or threatening events produce larger and more prolonged responses of the HPA system, then these responses themselves may operate to lower thresholds for fearful, inhi...

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Cardiac reactivity is associated with changes in negative emotion in 24‐month‐olds

Cited by 67 publications

References 68 publications

Disinhibited behaviors in young children: Relations with impulsivity and autonomic psychophysiology

Disinhibited behaviors in young children: Relations with impulsivity and autonomic psychophysiology

Mother–infant dyadic reparation and individual differences in vagal tone affect 4-month-old infants’ social stress regulation

Fearful temperament and stress reactivity among preschool‐aged children

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