Cardiac Output Measurement

Vigani, Alessio

doi:10.1002/9781119421375.ch23

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The heart rate decreased continuously, starting at T 15 , and the sheep became bradycardic (heart rate below 80 beats/min) 21 30 min after infusion started, but no arrhythmias were observed. The respiratory rate decreased at T 30 , but remained within normal reference values for the species.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedative and cardiorespiratory effects of detomidine constant rate infusion in sheep

et al. 2017

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The use of sheep in experiments is widespread and is increasing worldwide, and so is the need to develop species-specific anaesthetic techniques to ensure animal safety. Previous studies have mentioned several protocols involving the administration of alpha-2 adrenergic agonists in sheep; however, assessment of the efficacy and safety of these infusion techniques is still relatively new. Thus, the aim of the present study is to assess the effectiveness of detomidine constant rate infusion (CRI) in sheep by measuring the cardiovascular and respiratory parameters, blood gas variables and sedation scores. Eight adult female Santa Inês sheep received 20 µg/kg of detomidine hydrochloride intravenously as a bolus loading dose, followed by an infusion rate of 60 µg/kg/h. The heart rates and respiratory rates changed continuously during the CRI period. No arrhythmias were observed. The reduction in arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO) was not significant, but one animal showed signs of hypoxaemia (minimum PaO of 66.9 mmHg). The arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO) increased, but the animals did not become hypercapnic. The bicarbonate (HCO), pH and base excess (BE) tended towards metabolic alkalosis. The cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), cardiac index (CI) and ejection fraction (EF%) showed no significant changes. The fractional shortening (FS%) decreased slightly, starting at T. Sedation scores varied between 3 (0/10) after sedation and during recovery and 7 (0/10) during CRI. We concluded that administering detomidine at an infusion rate of 60 µg/kg/h in Santa Inês sheep is a simple technique that produces satisfactory sedation for minimally invasive procedures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedative and cardiorespiratory effects of detomidine constant rate infusion in sheep

et al. 2017

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“…The use of the partial carbon dioxide rebreathing method has not been investigated or validated in sheep; however, given the good correlation with other techniques and ease of implementation, NICO was selected for the present study. The CI range previously reported in anesthetized sheep using the direct Fick method, which derives CO based on the patient's oxygen consumption, 41 was 2.7 to 5.4 mL/min/m 2 . 42 The CO ranges reported when using dye dilution, lithium dilution, and ultrasonic flowmetry of the pulmonary artery were 2.79 to 5.33 L/min, 3.8 to 9.6 L/min, and 4.0 to 9.2 L/min, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

The effect of a ketamine constant rate infusion on cardiovascular variables in sheep anesthetized at the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane that blunts adrenergic responses

Chang

Barletta

Messenger

et al. 2022

ajvr

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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of a constant rate infusion of ketamine on cardiac index (CI) in sheep, as estimated using noninvasive cardiac output (NICO) monitoring by partial carbon dioxide rebreathing, when anesthetized with sevoflurane at the previously determined minimum alveolar concentration that blunts adrenergic responses (MACBAR). ANIMALS 12 healthy Dorset-crossbred adult sheep. PROCEDURES Sheep were anesthetized 2 times in a balanced placebo-controlled crossover design. Anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane delivered via a tight-fitting face mask and maintained at MACBAR. Following induction, sheep received either ketamine (1.5 mg/kg IV, followed by a constant rate infusion of 1.5 mg/kg/h) or an equivalent volume of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (placebo). After an 8-day washout period, each sheep received the alternate treatment. NICO measurements were performed in triplicate 20 minutes after treatment administration and were converted to CI. Blood samples were collected prior to the start of NICO measurements for analysis of ketamine plasma concentrations. The paired t test was used to compare CI values between groups and the ketamine plasma concentrations with those achieved during the previous study. RESULTS Mean ± SD CI of the ketamine and placebo treatments were 2.69 ± 0.65 and 2.57 ± 0.53 L/min/m2, respectively. No significant difference was found between the 2 treatments. Mean ketamine plasma concentration achieved prior to the NICO measurement was 1.37 ± 0.58 µg/mL, with no significant difference observed between the current and prior study. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Ketamine, at the dose administered, did not significantly increase the CI in sheep when determined by partial carbon dioxide rebreathing.

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Cardiovascular Physiology

Williams¹

2023

The Veterinary Nurse's Practical Guide to Small Animal Anaesthesia

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Cardiac Output Measurement

Cited by 7 publications

References 100 publications

Sedative and cardiorespiratory effects of detomidine constant rate infusion in sheep

Sedative and cardiorespiratory effects of detomidine constant rate infusion in sheep

The effect of a ketamine constant rate infusion on cardiovascular variables in sheep anesthetized at the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane that blunts adrenergic responses

Cardiovascular Physiology

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