Cardiac, Macro-, and Micro-Circulatory Abnormalities in Association With Individual Metabolic Syndrome Component: The Northern Shanghai Study

Abstract

Objective: This study investigated the association of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components with cardiac, macro-, and micro-circulatory abnormalities in an elderly Chinese population.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using data for 1,958 participants from the Northern Shanghai Study aged over 65 years without a history of cardiovascular disease. MS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III in 2005 (NCEPIII 2005). Asymptomatic cardiovascular impairment parameters, including the left ventricle mass index (LVMI), peak transmitral pulsed Doppler velocity/early diastolic tissue Doppler velocity (E/Ea), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), ankle-brachial index (ABI), carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), arterial plaque, and urinary albumin–creatinine rate (UACR), were evaluated.Results: LVMI, E/Ea, cf-PWV, and the proportion of UACR > 30 mg/g exhibited increasing trends while ABI exhibited a decreasing trend according to the number of MS components (all p for trend < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis revealed that MS was significantly associated with LV hypertrophy (LVH), LV diastolic dysfunction, arteriosclerosis, and microalbuminuria (all p < 0.001). Central obesity and high blood pressure were associated with all cardiovascular abnormalities (all p < 0.05), whereas elevated plasma glucose was associated with arteriosclerosis and microalbuminuria (both p < 0.001). In addition, high triglyceride levels were associated with microalbuminuria (p < 0.05).Conclusions: MS is significantly associated with cardiac, macro-, and micro-circulatory abnormalities in elderly Chinese. Moreover, the presence of individual MS components may have specific prognostic significance.

Cardiac function and exercise capacity in patients with metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study

“…We used echocardiography to evaluate the structural changes in patients with MS but without CHD. Compared to the group without MS, patients with MS would show subclinical ventricular hypertrophy and chambers enlargement while the result was consistent with previous observational studies ( 10 , 11 ). The ventricular hypertrophy seemed to be the product of MS, being associated with higher SV and cardiac work at rest.…”

“…Further research is needed to prove the hypothesis. Besides, the proportion of ST-segment depression was significantly higher in patients with MS, while there was no significant difference in SV increment between patients with and without MS. Pre-hypertension and central obesity may involve in the progression of myocardial ischemia since hypertension can accelerate arteriosclerosis by forcing endothelial cells and arterial smooth muscle cells to be chronically exposed to increased dilatability of the arterial wall ( 11 ). Whereby SV increment didn't change alongside with ST-segment, we speculate that the impairment of the exercise capacity might have nothing to do with obstructive coronary artery disease, which may result from functional myocardial ischemia, caused by increased end-diastolic pressure of LV as a result of diastolic dysfunction.…”

Association of the triglyceride-glucose index and vascular target organ damage in a Beijing community-based population

“…Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, mainly reflects the elasticity of aorta, and baPWV, mainly reflects the elasticity of large and middle arteries, act as two most frequently applied indicators to evaluate arteriosclerosis ( 23 ). According to the expert consensus document, we defined 10 m/s ( 24 ) and 1,800 cm/s ( 25 ) as the cut-off value for cfPWV and baPWV, respectively.…”

Effects of alpha lipoic acid on metabolic syndrome: A comprehensive review

“…Hypertension is another critical factor of MetS‐related to central obesity, fatty accumulation, and vessel stiffness. It was stated that metabolic abnormalities, imbalance of glucose utilization, high venous fatty acid levels, and decreasing insulin sensitivity in the long‐time lead to hypertension (Duvnjak, Bulum, & Metelko, 2008; Zhao et al, 2021).…”

“…In the clinical trial studies, the administration of α-LA (600 mg/day) for 12 weeks decreased total body fat and reduced fat intake in patients who had a stroke (Mohammadi et al, 2017b (Duvnjak, Bulum, & Metelko, 2008;Zhao et al, 2021).…”