Cardiac Damage Biomarkers Following a Triathlon in Elite and Non-elite Triathletes

Park, Chan Ho; Kim, Kwi-Baek; Han, Jin; Ji, Jin-Goo; YiSub, Kwak

doi:10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.5.419

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The results concerning skeletal muscle damage, temporary decline of kidney function and inflammation markers after the Kalmar Ironman 2016 are in line with previous research in athletes engaging in either triathlon12 13 or other types of endurance sports such as marathon11 19 or ultradistance running 20. Given the amount of exercise, the results are neither surprising nor do they lead to any debate about long-term consequences.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…However, most questions regarding the possible repetitive injury to the heart through high volume endurance exercise and their clinical consequences are unanswered and the different observations have yet to be put together to a fitting theory 8 9. One of the vexing observations which has been known for several decades is the phenomenon of troponin elevations after exercise,10 namely after marathon,11 triathlon12 13 or ultrarunning 14. Troponin elevation after exercise marathon has been reported since at least the 1990s to varying extent 10.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two-peaked increase of serum myosin heavy chain-α after triathlon suggests heart muscle cell death

Danielsson

Schreyer

Woksepp

et al. 2019

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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ObjectiveIt has been suggested that the mechanism behind cardiac troponin elevation after strenuous exercise is passage through a cell membrane with changed permeability rather than myocardial cell death. We hypothesised that an increase of cardiac specific myosin heavy chain-alpha (MHC-α; 224 kDa compared with cardiac troponin T’s (cTnT) 37 kDa) could hardly be explained by passage through a cell membrane.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 56 athletes (15 female, age 42.5±9.7, range 24–70 years) before, directly after and on days 1–8 after an Ironman. Biomarkers (C reactive protein (CRP), cTnT, creatine kinase (CK), MHC-α, myoglobin (MG), creatinine (C) and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were measured.ResultsThe course of MHC-α concentration (µg/L) was 1.33±0.53 (before), 2.57±0.78 (directly after), 1.51±0.53 (day 1), 2.74±0.55 (day 4) and 1.83±0.76 (day 6). Other biomarkers showed a one-peaked increase with maximal values either directly after the race or at day 1: cTnT 76 ± 80 ng/L (12–440; reference<15), NT-proBNP 776±684 ng/L (92–4700; ref.<300), CK 68±55 µkat/L (5–280; ref.<1.9), MG 2088±2350 µg/L (130–17 000; ref.<72) and creatinine 100±20 µmol/L (74–161; ref.<100), CRP 49±23 mg/L (15–119; ref.<5).ConclusionMHC-α exhibited a two-peaked increase which could represent a first release from the cytosolic pool and later from cell necrosis. This is the first investigation of MHC-α plasma concentration after exercise.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-peaked increase of serum myosin heavy chain-α after triathlon suggests heart muscle cell death

Danielsson

Schreyer

Woksepp

et al. 2019

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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“…Effect of high intensity exercise on skeletal and cardiac muscle cells results into increased metabolic stress markers 7 8. Thus, higher values than normal serum cardiac stress markers like cardiac troponin I (cTnI),9 10 creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),11 12 have been reported. Interestingly, a study by Peake et al 13 found out that, there were significant elevation in serum cardiac markers in response to both moderate and high intensity training.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of one week different intensity endurance exercise on cardiorespiratory and cardiometabolic markers in junior young athletes

Tesema

George

Mondal

et al. 2019

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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BackgroundEndurance training in varied intensity zones are more likely to show different adaptive responses. However, it is still unclear the intensity level of endurance exercise in junior young athletes that may promote increased markers for cardiorespiratory and cardiometabolic response. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of 1 week different intensity endurance training on markers of cardiorespiratory and cardiometabolic response in young athletes.MethodsThirty apparently healthy male young athletes averaging 19.4±1.3 years of age were recruited and randomly assigned to two different intensity endurance training groups. The first group trained at 60% to 70% maximum heart rate (HRmax) for 45 min per session and the second group trained at 70% to 80% HRmax for 30 min per session for a period of 1 week three sessions per week. A pre-training and post-training, marker of cardiorespiratory and cardiometabolic response was assessed for both groups.ResultsBoth intensity training had no significant effect on markers of cardiorespiratory response within and between training groups (p>0.05). Whereas, cardiometabolic markers lactate dehydrogenase (p=0.001), cardiac troponin I (p=0.001) and creatine kinase myocardial band (p=0.001) significantly increased at the end of 1 week within the group in both training groups (p≤0. 05). In the comparative analysis between groups, there was no significant difference in markers of cardiometabolic response (p>0.05).Conclusion1 week 60% to 70% HRmax and 70% to 80% HRmax intensity zones induces similar acute effects on markers for cardiometabolic and cardiorespiratory responses between groups and significant elevations of cardiometabolic markers within the groups in moderately trained young athletes.

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“… Prolonged strenuous exercise leads to an elevation of cardiac specific biomarkers such as troponin T (TnT), troponin I (TnI), MB-creatine kinase (CKMB) and N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) in apparently healthy endurance athletes [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. These parameters are assumed to indicate cardiac injury or dysfunction [5,18] since troponin T and troponin I are highly specific markers of myocardial cell damage, even in the presence of simultaneous skeletal muscle damage [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of Cardiac Biomarkers after High-intensity Exercise in Male and Female Elite Athletes of Dragon Boating

Bauer¹,

Zeißler²,

Walscheid³

et al. 2016

JSS

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This study investigated the effects of three sport-specific high-intensity training units on cardiac biomarker alteration in elite athletes of dragon boating. Thirty six male (age 33 ± 9) and twenty nine female (age 31 ± 8) elite athletes, members of the German national team, were examined in their final training camp preparing for world championship. At two time points blood panels (pre-training and one hour post-training) were collected and concentrations of high sensitive troponin T, N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), MB-creatine kinase (CKMB) and myoglobin were assessed. After exercise, serum levels of NT-pro BNP, CPK, myoglobin and CKMB increased significantly (P < 0.01 for each) with only few values exceeding the upper reference limits. High sensitive troponin T remained below the limit of detection both before and after exercise in all athletes. Significant gender-related differences were found with a higher increase of NT-pro BNP levels in female athletes (P < 0.01) compared to males. In contrast, male athletes displayed a significant higher increase of CPK (P < 0.01) and myoglobin (P < 0.01) compared to female athletes. In conclusion, three high-intensity training units did not lead to elevated high sensitive troponin T concentrations in elite athletes of dragon boating but to significant increases of NT-pro BNP, CPK and myoglobin levels. This suggests that high-intensity training units do not lead to a cardiac injury in these athletes.

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Cardiac Damage Biomarkers Following a Triathlon in Elite and Non-elite Triathletes

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

Two-peaked increase of serum myosin heavy chain-α after triathlon suggests heart muscle cell death

Two-peaked increase of serum myosin heavy chain-α after triathlon suggests heart muscle cell death

Effects of one week different intensity endurance exercise on cardiorespiratory and cardiometabolic markers in junior young athletes

Changes of Cardiac Biomarkers after High-intensity Exercise in Male and Female Elite Athletes of Dragon Boating

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