BackgroundWhile overall physical activity is clearly associated with a better short-term and long-term health, prolonged strenuous physical activity may result in a rise in acute levels of blood-biomarkers used in clinical practice for diagnosis of various conditions or diseases. In this study, we explored the acute effects of a full Ironman-distance triathlon on biomarkers related to heart-, liver-, kidney- and skeletal muscle damage immediately post-race and after one week’s rest. We also examined if sex, age, finishing time and body composition influenced the post-race values of the biomarkers.MethodsA sample of 30 subjects was recruited (50% women) to the study. The subjects were evaluated for body composition and blood samples were taken at three occasions, before the race (T1), immediately after (T2) and one week after the race (T3). Linear regression models were fitted to analyse the independent contribution of sex and finishing time controlled for weight, body fat percentage and age, on the biomarkers at the termination of the race (T2). Linear mixed models were fitted to examine if the biomarkers differed between the sexes over time (T1-T3).ResultsBeing male was a significant predictor of higher post-race (T2) levels of myoglobin, CK, and creatinine levels and body weight was negatively associated with myoglobin. In general, the models were unable to explain the variation of the dependent variables. In the linear mixed models, an interaction between time (T1-T3) and sex was seen for myoglobin and creatinine, in which women had a less pronounced response to the race.ConclusionOverall women appear to tolerate the effects of prolonged strenuous physical activity better than men as illustrated by their lower values of the biomarkers both post-race as well as during recovery.
This prospective study is the first to demonstrate psycho-cognitive improvement by resynchronization therapy in CHF patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction. In contrast to ICD therapy, the beneficial effect of CRT-D on psycho-cognitive performance might be attributed to improved cardiac function and haemodynamics.
Forty-seven patients with chronic arteriosclerotic occlusions of iliac and femoropopliteal arteries were treated by intrathrombotic fibrinolysis. The occlusions were 10-65 cm (mean, 22 cm) long and 6 weeks to 2 years (mean, 4.5 months) old. By means of consistent intrathrombotic injections of 2,500 units of streptokinase every 5 minutes, the thrombi were recanalized within 1-7 hours (mean, 2.5 hours). The primary recanalization rate was 75% (35/47), the patency rate after 2 weeks, 68%. In 29 patients (62%), a residual stenosis had to be dilated by balloon angioplasty. Because of the low total dose of streptokinase (mean, 70,000 units), the thrombin time was elevated up to twice the normal value in only one patient. Bleeding that required transfusions was observed in only two patients (4%). Advantages of intrathrombotic fibrinolysis include higher recanalization rate, lower total dose of streptokinase, fewer bleeding complications, and shorter therapy time than previously reported with other treatments.
ObjectiveIt has been suggested that the mechanism behind cardiac troponin elevation after strenuous exercise is passage through a cell membrane with changed permeability rather than myocardial cell death. We hypothesised that an increase of cardiac specific myosin heavy chain-alpha (MHC-α; 224 kDa compared with cardiac troponin T’s (cTnT) 37 kDa) could hardly be explained by passage through a cell membrane.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 56 athletes (15 female, age 42.5±9.7, range 24–70 years) before, directly after and on days 1–8 after an Ironman. Biomarkers (C reactive protein (CRP), cTnT, creatine kinase (CK), MHC-α, myoglobin (MG), creatinine (C) and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were measured.ResultsThe course of MHC-α concentration (µg/L) was 1.33±0.53 (before), 2.57±0.78 (directly after), 1.51±0.53 (day 1), 2.74±0.55 (day 4) and 1.83±0.76 (day 6). Other biomarkers showed a one-peaked increase with maximal values either directly after the race or at day 1: cTnT 76 ± 80 ng/L (12–440; reference<15), NT-proBNP 776±684 ng/L (92–4700; ref.<300), CK 68±55 µkat/L (5–280; ref.<1.9), MG 2088±2350 µg/L (130–17 000; ref.<72) and creatinine 100±20 µmol/L (74–161; ref.<100), CRP 49±23 mg/L (15–119; ref.<5).ConclusionMHC-α exhibited a two-peaked increase which could represent a first release from the cytosolic pool and later from cell necrosis. This is the first investigation of MHC-α plasma concentration after exercise.
Grass and rye pollen sensitive children were hyposensitized with glutaraldehyde-modified, tyrosine-adsorbed grass and rye allergoid. We evaluated the clinical efficacy and immunological changes associated with the administration of 3100 NOON-Units (NU) with 3 injections in 15 patients (group A) and 9100 NU with 6 injections in 13 patients (group B) preseasonally. No systemic side effects during therapy were observed. In patient's assessments, a clinical improvement was reported; however, group B achieved better symptom and medication scores. The latter group obtained slightly higher specific IgG levels than group A after two seasons of treatment, whereas the co-seasonal increase of specific IgE was higher in group A. Hyposensitization with grass and rye allergoid is a safe therapy, a better clinical and immunological effect being observed in a high dose regimen.
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