Cardiac arrhythmias mimicking primary neurological disorders: a difficult diagnostic situation

Jp, Pfammatter; Donati, Filippo; Dürig, P.; Weber, JW; Fp, Stocker; Vassella, F

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1995.tb13697.x

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Misdiagnosis of arrhythmic syncope due to LQTS as a seizure disorder has been reported previously 4,5 . The tonic and twitching movements which occurred during this patient's syncopal episodes, as well as occasional urinary incontinence, may suggest seizure but are also seen in syncope 1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 26-Year-Old Woman with Recurrent Loss of Consciousness

2011

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The case of a 26-year-old woman with congenital long QT syndrome and recurrent arrhythmic syncope which had been misdiagnosed as a seizure disorder is presented. Useful criteria for discriminating between loss of consciousness due to congenital long QT syndrome and loss of consciousness caused by seizure activity are discussed. The multiple potential causes and clinical implications of a prolonged QT interval, as well as the clinical features and management of congenital long QT syndrome are reviewed. CASEA 26-year-old woman presented to a general cardiology clinic with a chief complaint of palpitations. The palpitations had begun a few months prior and had been occurring with increased frequency in recent weeks. She characterized the episodes as a rapid heartbeat that alternated between a regular and irregular rhythm. She denied associated symptoms of chest discomfort or shortness of breath, but did experience lightheadedness. The palpitations lasted 30-60 seconds and occurred once or twice a week over the preceding two months. They seemed to occur at any time of day and without regard to physical activity, stress, or anything else she could identify. They had on occasion awakened her from sleep.Her past medical history was notable for dyslexia and a complex-partial seizure disorder. She had a history of five seizures: a first seizure at age 15, a second at age 18, and a third at age 20, at which point carbamazepine treatment was initiated. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the head was normal. An electroencephalogram was normal as well. Ten months previously carbamazepine was discontinued because she had been free of seizures for several years. However, about two weeks prior to her cardiology appointment she had a fourth seizure, and treatment with topiramate was initiated. She had a fifth seizure a few days prior to her cardiology appointment.The seizures always occurred when she was in a state between sleeping and wakefulness and were always precipitated by a loud noise, such as a ringing telephone. She experienced a prodrome of anxiety, lightheadedness and tachycardia. She would hyperventilate prior to losing consciousness. These events were witnessed by her mother, a registered nurse, who noted tonic and focal twitching movements of her daughter. Her mother also reported that her daughter was sometimes incontinent of urine and generally unresponsive for a few minutes during these episodes. When her daughter awakened she was immediately alert and did not feel fatigued or confused.Family history was significant for premature coronary disease in her father, who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting at 45 years of age. There was no family history of sudden death. Her only medication was topiramate 50 milligrams by mouth twice a day. She did not smoke tobacco, use any illicit drugs, or drink alcohol. She was an art student at a nearby university.Her heart rate was 94 beats per minute and her blood pressure was 118/64 mm Hg. She was a very pleasant, slender young woman. The physical ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 26-Year-Old Woman with Recurrent Loss of Consciousness

2011

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“…Thus, identification and management of this complicated group is a major concern, not fully understood yet (13,16,17,18). Pfammatter et al reported that some cases of LQTS, who presented with falling down, rarely expose obvious QT abnormality in routine ECG after hospital admission and were discovered just by persistent Holter monitoring during exercise (19). Meanwhile, some other reports claim that convulsive disorders may induce QT prolongation in otherwise healthy patients, at least for a transient period of time (20).…”

Section: Seizure and Long Qt Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, seizure or syncope sometimes do not represent neurologic disorders and follow cardiac electrical conduction disturbances. In Pfammter's study, 8 patients were treated as convulsive cases for about 5 years when finally cardiac arrhythmia was diagnosed as the main cause of their syncope and seizure (19).…”

Section: Concusion and Dicussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Prevalence of Prolonged QT Syndrome in Children with First Unprovoked Seizure

Katibeh¹,

Inanloo²,

Katibeh³

2018

ME-JFM

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“…Prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion, secondary to cardiac arrhythmia, can cause loss of consciousness (syncope), and even convulsions. When these patients are witnessed having an apparent generalized convulsion, the condition, previously termed ‘convulsive syncope’, can lead to diagnostic confusion between syncope and epilepsy 3 . These two clinical disorders differ in prognosis and patient management.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When these patients are witnessed having an apparent generalized convulsion, the condition, previously termed 'convulsive syncope', can lead to diagnostic confusion between syncope and epilepsy. 3 These two clinical disorders differ in prognosis and patient management. Furthermore, LQTS type 2, resulting from KCNH2 mutation, is associated with an enhanced risk of epilepsy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%