Cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers in perinatally HIV-infected and HIV-exposed uninfected children

Wilkinson, James D.; Williams, Paige L.; Yu, Wendy; Colan, Steven D.; Mendez, Armando J.; Zachariah, Justin P.; Dyke, Russell B. Van; Shearer, William T.; Margossian, Renée; Lipshultz, Steven E.

doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000001810

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Furthermore, Osuji and colleagues showed a 2.5 reduction in IL-6 levels just one year after ART initiation ( Osuji et al., 2018 ). In similar recent studies, comparable levels of IL6 were observed between viral suppressing HIV+ children (from Africa and US) and their uninfected counterparts, further confirming our hypothesis ( Wilkinson et al., 2018 ; Dirajlal-Fargo et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Altered Lipid Profiles and Vaccine Induced-Humoral Responses in Children Living With HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy in Tanzania

Mbuya

Mwakyula

Olomi

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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People living with HIV, even under therapy, have a high burden of age-related co-morbidities including an increased risk of dyslipidemia (which often predisposes to cardiovascular diseases) and immune-aging. In this study, lipid profiles and antibody responses to measles and pertussis toxin vaccines were compared between ART experienced HIV+ children (n=64) aged 5-10 years, and their age- and sex-matched HIV- controls (n=47). Prevalence of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and triglyceride-driven dyslipidemia was higher among treated HIV+ children than in controls (51.6% vs 27.7% respectively, p < 0.019). In a multivariate Poisson regression model adjusted for age, sex and BMI, the association between low HDL-c, hypertriglyceridemia and HIV remained significantly high (for HDL-c: ARR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82 – 0.96, p = 0.003; for triglycerides: ARR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.31 – 1.81, p < 0.001). Among HIV+ children, the use of lopinavir/ritonavir, a protease-based antiretroviral therapy was also associated elevation of triglyceride levels (p = 0.032). Also, HIV+ children had a 2.8-fold reduction of anti-measles IgG titers and 17.1-fold reduction of anti-pertussis toxin IgG levels when compared to HIV- children. Our findings suggest that dyslipidemia and inadequate vaccine-induced antibody responses observed in this population of young African HIV+ children might increase their risk for premature onset of cardiovascular illnesses and acquisition of preventable diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Altered Lipid Profiles and Vaccine Induced-Humoral Responses in Children Living With HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy in Tanzania

Mbuya

Mwakyula

Olomi

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Factors that can cause intracellular calcium uptake and efflux will result in calcium overload, thereby compromising the patient's ventricular diastolic function [ 11 – 13 ]. In addition, cardiomyocyte stiffness, left ventricular pressure overload, volume reduction, and heart rate changes are also associated with DHF [ 14 , 15 ]. Echocardiography is a widely used diagnostic method in clinical practice that can objectively and accurately evaluate the cardiac function of patients and monitor the changes in cardiac function in real time, with the advantages of noninvasiveness, easy operation, and repeatability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Combined Detection of Echocardiography and Serum NT-ProBNP in the Diagnosis of Diastolic Heart Failure and Its Effect on Left Ventricular Morphology and Diastolic Function

Yang¹,

Zhang²,

Liang

2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Objective. This study is to assess the application of combined detection of echocardiography and serum N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP) in the diagnosis of diastolic heart failure (DHF) and its effect on left ventricular morphology and diastolic function. Methods. Thirty patients with DHF with enrolled in our hospital between January 2019 and January 2021 were included in the experimental group, and thirty healthy individuals during the same period were included in the control group. The blood pressure, heart rate (HR), left ventricular morphology, diastolic function, and serum NT-ProBNP levels were compared between the two groups. Results. DHF was associated with higher levels of diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), HR, left ventricular diameter (LVD), interventricular septum thickness (IVST), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), left atrial volume index (LAVI), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), serum NT-ProBNP, maximum early ventricular filling velocity/early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus (E/Ea) ratio, and aortic regurgitation (AR) and lower levels of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), flow propagation velocity (VP), and systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio versus healthy subjects (all at P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The combined detection of echocardiography and serum NT-ProBNP yields a high clinical value in the diagnosis of DHF deficiency, as it can accurately evaluate the patient's left heart morphology and diastolic function, so it is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

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“…Long term HIV related immune activation may further contribute to this CNS pathology. HIV related systemic immune activation as indicated by systemic inflammation, monocyte and endothelial activation, with raised CRP, MCP-1, soluble CD14 (sCD14), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, TNF-α), and soluble TNF receptor II (sTNF-RII) concentrations is reported in well treated PHIV ( 70 – 73 ). In HIV infected adults, elevated sCD14 levels in CSF were associated with increased levels of CSF neurofilament light-chain (NfL) levels and reduced brain tissue levels of the neurometabolite N-acetylaspartate (NAA) ( 74 , 75 ).…”

Section: (Neuro)inflammatory Markers In Pediatric Hivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of Tuberculous Meningitis and Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus on the African Continent

2022

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Biomarkers in body fluids are helpful objective tools in diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of (therapeutic) responses of many neurological diseases. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are part of the diagnostic toolbox for infectious neurological diseases. Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), are important burdens of disease in Africa and can negatively affect brain health. Two thirds of the world's population of people living with HIV reside in sub-Saharan Africa and 25% of the global burden of tuberculosis (TB) is carried by the African continent. Neuroinflammation and damage of specific neuronal cell types are key constituents in the pathophysiology of these central nervous system (CNS) diseases, and important potential sources of circulating biomarkers. In this review, we summarize current research in the use of biomarkers in TBM and pediatric HIV as case demonstrations for high prevalence neurological diseases in Africa. Inflammatory molecules, primarily when detected in CSF, appear to have diagnostic value in these diseases, especially when measured as profiles. Brain injury molecules, such as S100, Neuron specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein may have prognostic value in TBM, but more studies are needed. There is a need for more cost-economic and high sensitivity technologies to drive further biomarker discoveries and translate into healthcare improvements for these important healthcare problems in a globally fair way.

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Cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers in perinatally HIV-infected and HIV-exposed uninfected children

Cited by 16 publications

References 50 publications

Altered Lipid Profiles and Vaccine Induced-Humoral Responses in Children Living With HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy in Tanzania

Altered Lipid Profiles and Vaccine Induced-Humoral Responses in Children Living With HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy in Tanzania

Application of Combined Detection of Echocardiography and Serum NT-ProBNP in the Diagnosis of Diastolic Heart Failure and Its Effect on Left Ventricular Morphology and Diastolic Function

Biomarkers of Tuberculous Meningitis and Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus on the African Continent

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