Abstract:Among male patients, bladder cancer is the fourth most common and is rarely identified in young individuals. The most common symptom is macroscopic hematuria and the initial treatment is transurethral resection of the bladder, in which the stage and classification are identified. Smoking is known to be the main risk factor for bladder cancers. Radical cystectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy are the “gold standard” treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Around 25% of bladder ne… Show more
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