Carcinoma of the Penis in Lichen sclerosus atrophicus

Doré, B.; Irani, J.; Aubert, J

doi:10.1159/000463895

Cited by 31 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Various authors [25–28] have reported the association between BXO and SCC of the glans, although by what mechanism this occurs and whether this is a specific causal relationship remains unclear. Some regard BXO as an inherently premalignant condition, whereas others consider it an unspecific irritant focus, comparable with chronic scarring or ulceration that eventually progresses to a Marjolin's ulcer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The treatment of balanitis xerotica obliterans

Depasquale¹,

Park²,

Bracka³

2000

BJU International

285

240

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The treatment of balanitis xerotica obliterans

Depasquale¹,

Park²,

Bracka³

2000

BJU International

285

240

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“…Zoon's balanitis is not associated with malignancy, however Joshi has recently reported a case of squamous 574 International Journal of STD & AIDS Volume 13 August 2002 Lichen sclerosus is associated with destructive in¯ammation, phimosis, urethral stenosis and squamous cell carcinoma 10 . There have been many case reports showing the association between lichen sclerosus and squamous cell carcinoma of penis 11,12,13 . In one study of patients with penile lichen sclerosus with long term follow-up Micali et al reported 9.3% of patients with lichen sclerosus developed an epithelial cancer 14 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and safety of penile biopsy in a GUM clinic setting

David

Tang

2002

Int J STD AIDS

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The UK National Guidelines on Sexually Transmitted Infections recommend penile biopsy in patients with persistent balanitis and balanitis of uncertain aetiology. Many GUM clinics perform penile biopsy. However, few studies have looked at the usefulness and safety of penile biopsy in a GUM clinic setting. We assessed the spectrum of dermatological conditions seen in a penile dermatoses clinic and looked at the usefulness and safety of penile punch biopsy in a GUM clinic setting. We reviewed the case notes of patients who attended the penile dermatoses clinic at the GUM department, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading over a period of 18 months. A total of 87 patients were seen in the penile dermatoses clinic. Their ages ranged from 17 to 73 and 70 (80%) were uncircumcised. Twenty-four (28%) patients had biopsies and five (6%) declined. Forty-nine (56%) patients did not have a biopsy either because of a clinically apparent diagnosis (45) or lesions were close to the urethral meatus (4). Five were referred for circumcision and one was referred to a dermatologist. Three patients were lost to follow-up. Penile biopsy was performed to exclude malignancy in 17 (71%) cases and due to diagnostic uncertainty in seven (29%) cases. Histological diagnoses were consistent with initial clinical diagnoses in 17 (71%) cases. Four (17%) had minor complications following biopsy, two had wound dehiscence, one had bleeding and another had a wound infection. In conclusion, a wide spectrum of penile skin disorders were seen in the penile dermatoses clinic. The majority of patients had a clinically apparent diagnosis. The histological diagnosis was consistent with initial clinical diagnosis in most of the biopsied patients. The main indications for biopsy were to exclude malignancy and for diagnostic dilemma. Penile biopsy is a safe procedure with minimal complications.

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“…Malignant transformation is clinically revealed by the onset of nonhealing ulcerated or warty nodules or plaques. 207,208 At microscopic observation, transition from lichen sclerosus to frank neoplastic foci with areas of epithelial dysplasia and nonatypical squamous hyperplasia at the tumor periphery may be demonstrated. 169,172,209 This suggests that lichen sclerosuseassociated nonatypical squamous hyperplasia may also represent a precursor for some cases of penile SCC.…”

Section: Lack Of Circumcision and Related Factorsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Penile lichen sclerosus (balanitis xerotica obliterans) is a chronic sclerosing inflammatory disorder of unknown cause that may lead in some cases to meatal stenosis or acquired phimosis (Fig 1). 182,[191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198][199][200][201][202][203][204][205][206][207][208][209][210] There have been anecdotal reports of men developing penile SCC 191,203,204 or verrucous carcinoma 172,182 in association with genital lichen sclerosus. Since penile lichen sclerosus often leads to phimosis, it has been suggested that in lichen sclerosuseassociated penile carcinoma, phimosis probably represented a more important carcinogenic factor than lichen sclerosus itself.…”

Section: Lack Of Circumcision and Related Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%