Carcinoma of the penis developed in lichen sclerosus et atrophicus.

Bingham, J S

doi:10.1136/sti.54.5.350

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Zoon's balanitis is not associated with malignancy, however Joshi has recently reported a case of squamous 574 International Journal of STD & AIDS Volume 13 August 2002 Lichen sclerosus is associated with destructive in¯ammation, phimosis, urethral stenosis and squamous cell carcinoma 10 . There have been many case reports showing the association between lichen sclerosus and squamous cell carcinoma of penis 11,12,13 . In one study of patients with penile lichen sclerosus with long term follow-up Micali et al reported 9.3% of patients with lichen sclerosus developed an epithelial cancer 14 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Efficacy and safety of penile biopsy in a GUM clinic setting

David

Tang

2002

Int J STD AIDS

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The UK National Guidelines on Sexually Transmitted Infections recommend penile biopsy in patients with persistent balanitis and balanitis of uncertain aetiology. Many GUM clinics perform penile biopsy. However, few studies have looked at the usefulness and safety of penile biopsy in a GUM clinic setting. We assessed the spectrum of dermatological conditions seen in a penile dermatoses clinic and looked at the usefulness and safety of penile punch biopsy in a GUM clinic setting. We reviewed the case notes of patients who attended the penile dermatoses clinic at the GUM department, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading over a period of 18 months. A total of 87 patients were seen in the penile dermatoses clinic. Their ages ranged from 17 to 73 and 70 (80%) were uncircumcised. Twenty-four (28%) patients had biopsies and five (6%) declined. Forty-nine (56%) patients did not have a biopsy either because of a clinically apparent diagnosis (45) or lesions were close to the urethral meatus (4). Five were referred for circumcision and one was referred to a dermatologist. Three patients were lost to follow-up. Penile biopsy was performed to exclude malignancy in 17 (71%) cases and due to diagnostic uncertainty in seven (29%) cases. Histological diagnoses were consistent with initial clinical diagnoses in 17 (71%) cases. Four (17%) had minor complications following biopsy, two had wound dehiscence, one had bleeding and another had a wound infection. In conclusion, a wide spectrum of penile skin disorders were seen in the penile dermatoses clinic. The majority of patients had a clinically apparent diagnosis. The histological diagnosis was consistent with initial clinical diagnosis in most of the biopsied patients. The main indications for biopsy were to exclude malignancy and for diagnostic dilemma. Penile biopsy is a safe procedure with minimal complications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Efficacy and safety of penile biopsy in a GUM clinic setting

David

Tang

2002

Int J STD AIDS

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“…For penile SCC that has followed LSA, most cases represent squamous cell carcinoma (21)(22)(23)(24), but also case reports of verrucous carcinoma (18) and adenosquamous carcinoma (25) exist. A 10-year follow-up study of 86 men with LSA found that 6% of the patients developed penile cancer, implying that LSA is, in analogy to vulvar cancer, also a major risk factor for penile cancer (26).…”

Section: Lichen Sclerosus Et Atrophicus (Lsa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis

Dillner

Horenblas

et al. 2000

Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology

259

175

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Objective: To review the epidemiology of invasive cancer of the penis based on scientific publications identified by a Medline search from 1966-2000 for the keywords penis/penile, cancer/carcinoma and risk as well as the cited references in the identified papers. Results: Strong risk factors (OR >10) identified by case-control studies included phimosis, chronic inflammatory conditions such as balanopostitis and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus and treatment with psoralen and ultraviolet A photochemotheraphy (PUVA). A consistent association was found between penile cancer and smoking that was dose-dependent and not explained by investigated confounding factors such as sexual history. Sexual history and self-reported history of condyloma were associated with a 3-5-fold increased penile cancer risk. Cervical cancer in the wife was not consistently associated with cancer of the penis in the husband. Circumcision was associated with penile cancer risk in ecological studies. In a case-control study, circumcision neonatally, but not after the neonatal period, was associated with a 3-fold decreased risk, albeit 20% of penile cancer patients had been circumcised neonatally. In a large number of case series, human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA was identified in penile neoplastic tissue. In penile intraepithelial neoplasia, between 70 and 100% of lesions were HPV DNA positive, whereas invasive penile cancer was positive in only 40-50% of cases. A few serological case-control studies and one prospective study also identified an association between HPV type 16 and penile cancer risk. An association between penile cancer risk and HPV prevalence in the population was also suggested by ecological studies. Conclusion: The evidence on risk factors for penile cancer suggests that preventive measures that could be considered include prevention of phimosis, treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions, limiting PUVA treatment, smoking cessation and prophylactic prevention of HPV infection Key words: penile cancer, epidemiology, risk factors, systematic review.

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“…Development of squamous cell carcinoma has been reported in patients with balanitis xerotica obliterans, both in areas of active and quiescent disease,64 65 but malignant change appears to be less common than in lichen sclerosus et atrophicus in the female.65…”

Section: Spirochaetal Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balanitis and balanoposthitis: a review.

Edwards

1996

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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OBJECTIVES: To give an overview of the literature on balanitis, with a special emphasis on infective causes. METHOD: A data search was performed using the OVID CD plus Medline 1967-1995, using balanitis and balanoposthitis as textword search strategy. Specific subjects such as anaerobic infection, Zoon's balanitis were sought separately and subgroups combined. Original articles and abstracts were referenced to illustrate each condition. These were mainly English language articles, but included appropriate non-English language papers. CONCLUSIONS: Balanitis is a common condition among genitourinary medicine clinic attendees, the cause often remaining undiagnosed. Many cases are caused by infection, with candida being the most frequently diagnosed. However, gardnerella and anaerobic infections are common, and there are a wide variety of other rarer infective causes. In addition irritant balanitis is probably a contributing factor in many cases. Balanitis which persists and in which the cause remains unclear warrants biopsy.

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Carcinoma of the penis developed in lichen sclerosus et atrophicus.

Abstract: SUMMARY Malignant change developing in lichen sclerosus et atrophicus is rare in men. A case is described in a 39-year-old man.

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Efficacy and safety of penile biopsy in a GUM clinic setting

Efficacy and safety of penile biopsy in a GUM clinic setting

Etiology of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis

Balanitis and balanoposthitis: a review.

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