Carcinogenicity and Other Health Effects of Acrylonitrile with Reference to Occupational Exposure Limit.

SAKURAI, Haruhiko

doi:10.2486/indhealth.38.165

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…1 Inhalation and skin contact are the main routes of occupational exposure, while cigarette smoking and ingestion of food products and drinking water represent potential environmental exposures. 2,3 The mammalian central nervous system is a primary target for acute AN-induced toxicity, producing symptoms such as headache, dizziness, impaired judgment, convulsions and seizures. 4 Á 7 Chronic exposure to AN is associated with the appearance of brain neoplasms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobehavioral alterations in rats exposed to acrylonitrile in drinking water

Suhua²,

Xing

et al. 2007

Hum Exp Toxicol

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This study was carried out on rodents, to explore the neurobehavioral effects of acrylonitrile (AN) administered in drinking water. Thirty, male, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: two exposure groups (50 and 200 ppm AN), and one control group (tap water without AN). Three tests, including the open field test, rotarod test and spatial water maze, were applied to evaluate locomotor activities, motor co-ordination and learning and memory, respectively, prior to initiation of the treatment, and at Week 4, 8 and 12 postexposure. There were no consistent changes in the open field test, except for locomotion and grooming episodes. In the rotarod test, AN significantly decreased the latencies to fall in a dose and time-dependent manner. In the spatial water maze test, rats exposed to AN for 12 weeks had significantly more training times and longer escape latencies than control animals. These findings indicate that oral exposure to AN induces neurobehavioral alterations in rats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobehavioral alterations in rats exposed to acrylonitrile in drinking water

Suhua²,

Xing

et al. 2007

Hum Exp Toxicol

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“…To humans, acrylonitrile may cause headache, nausea and dizziness (OSHA, 1978) at relatively low levels between 20 -150 ppm for short periods, and lethal at 500 ppm for several minutes. While, Sakurai (2000) stated that long term bioassay of rats exposed through inhalation or drinking water produced cancer at several sites with tumors of the central nervous system. Research investigated some paralyzed rat cases in all the acrylamide concentrations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

L-Carnitine, a New Prospective Promote Recovery From Acrylamide Neurotoxicity in Rats

Mahmoud

2010

Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Biotechnology

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L-carnitine (4-N-trimethylammonium-3-hydroxybutyric acid) proved to be an important factor in human nutrition. It synthesizes from dietary amino acids and widely distributed in the body. Research works on the ability of carnitine in protecting biological systems against acrylamide. Acrylamide (AA) C3H5NO the chemical with many industrial and laboratory uses is a neurotoxicant and carcinogen agent as proved in literatures. Research has pointed to L-carnitine role in recovering AA toxicity. Three days per week, L-carnitine (300 mg/kg b.w.) was administrated orally followed on the second day by treatment with 50, 200 or 500 mg acrylamide/L in drinking water. Up to 5 weeks, L-carnitine improved feed efficiency with decreasing daily body weight gain with 50 mg AA/L. L-carnitine showed approximate success in keeping liver and testis weight comparing to normal group. L-carnitine showed amelioration in vitamin C and serum glucose in 50 mg/L AA. L-carnitine ameliorated lipid profile and risk factor LDL/HDL ratio especially with 50 mg/L AA. On the other side, AA concentrations showed highly effects on liver functions, total antioxidant, reduced glutathione and cholinesterase activity to the point where L-carnitine failed to face. Acrylamide (CH 2 =CHCONH 2) the small, water soluble, organic molecule a vinyl monomer is formed from the hydration of acrylonitrile. Acrylamide (AA) the organic solid of white, odorless, flake-like crystals is used in the production of polyacrylamide. Then polyacrylamide is used in wastewater treatment, pulp, paper production, and mineral processing. It is also used in the synthesis of paper, cosmetics, toiletry industry, dyes, adhesives, contact lenses, grouts, soil conditioners, laboratory gels and permanent press fabrics. In the environment, it has a high mobility in soil and in ground water. It can be present in a variety of food cooked at high temperature. Dybing and Sanner (2003) stated that the daily mean intake of acrylamide in some foods and coffee have been estimated in advanced Mahmoud, H. I. 410 countries to be 0.49 and 0.46 g/kg body weight in males and females, respectively. Bread is the most important contributor of background acrylamide-intake for the lower percentages. From the 21st percentage French fries are the main source of acrylamide exposure. From the 55th percentage on, biscuits are the second important source of acrylamide intake. Stadler et al. (2002) explained that heated certain amino acids and sugars beyond 120°C can form acrylamide. Processing of food rich in starch and protein is the main source of acrylamide. Specially, glucose and the amino acids asparagines, glutamine, methionine, cysteine when heated above 120°C (Mottram et al., 2002 & Stadler et al., 2002). Smith and Oehme (1991) reported that single exposure of acrylamide is toxic or harmful by all routes of administration. The effects of acrylamide prior to death related to neurotoxicity, severe effects on spermatid development, eye irritation and skin peeling. European Union (E.U.) risk Assessment Report in...

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“…The gradual lessening of reported symptoms has been attributed to improved measures to reduce exposure. It should be noted, however, that in a later report by Sakurai (2000), it was stated that the “exposure levels were not reliably reported.”…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Derivation of Noncancer Reference Values for Acrylonitrile

et al. 2008

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Dose-response assessments were conducted for the noncancer effects of acrylonitrile (AN) for the purposes of deriving subchronic and chronic oral reference dose (RfD) and inhalation reference concentration (RfC) values. Based upon an evaluation of available toxicity data, the irritation and neurological effects of AN were determined to be appropriate bases for deriving reference values. A PBPK model, which describes the toxicokinetics of AN and its metabolite 2-cyanoethylene oxide (CEO) in both rats and humans, was used to assess the dose-response data in terms of an internal dose measure for the oral RfD values, but could not be used in deriving the inhalation RfC values. Benchmark dose (BMD) methods were used to derive all reference values. Where sufficient information was available, data-derived uncertainty factors were applied to the points of departure determined by BMD methods. From this assessment, subchronic and chronic oral RfD values of 0.5 and 0.05 mg/kg/day, respectively, were derived. Similarly, subchronic and chronic inhalation RfC values of 0.1 and 0.06 mg/m(3), respectively, were derived. Confidence in the reference values derived for AN was considered to be medium to high, based upon a consideration of the confidence in the key studies, the toxicity database, dosimetry, and dose-response modeling.

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Carcinogenicity and Other Health Effects of Acrylonitrile with Reference to Occupational Exposure Limit.

Cited by 17 publications

References 51 publications

Neurobehavioral alterations in rats exposed to acrylonitrile in drinking water

Neurobehavioral alterations in rats exposed to acrylonitrile in drinking water

L-Carnitine, a New Prospective Promote Recovery From Acrylamide Neurotoxicity in Rats

Derivation of Noncancer Reference Values for Acrylonitrile

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