Carboxylated nanodiamond and re‐oxygenation process of gamma irradiated red blood cells

Abstract

, Phone: þ52 662 259 2156, Fax: þ52 662 212 6649 Nanodiamonds (NDs) possess exceptional physical, chemical, and biological properties, which make them suitable for potential biomedical applications. They are biocompatible and their usefulness as effective Raman/fluorescence probes for labeling as well as for drug delivery has been demonstrated. Related to their biocompatibility, the interaction between NDs and red blood cells (RBCs) is of great interest. In this work, the influence of carboxylated NDs (cNDs) in the re-oxygenation capability of both g-irradiated and stored RBCs was studied. The standard 25 Gy g dose recommended to prevent transfusion associated graft-versus-host disease was used. A 5-day maximum storage time was used to evaluate the "storage lesion". The hemoglobin (Hb) oxygenation state was assessed by Raman microspectroscopy and the morphologic changes on cells were tracked by optical imaging. Our results show that irradiated RBCs have a better re-oxygenation capability and morphological recovery when they are in presence of cNDs.

Thermometric Characterization of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds Suitable for Biomedical Applications

“…A solution to this problem is fluorescence thermometry, which makes use of fluorescent materials such as quantum dots, rare-earth-doped crystals [38][39][40], organic compounds [41,42] and nanodiamonds [43][44][45] to determine temperature without contact. However, doubts arise about the biocompatibility and toxicity of rare-earth-doped nanostructures [46]; for this reason, nanodiamonds are preferred due to their inherent biocompatibility [47]. Another nanodiamond advantage is NV centres are immobile at room temperature, conferring excellent stability and sensitivity [43].…”

Nanoscale Changes on RBC Membrane Induced by Storage and Ionizing Radiation: A Mini-Review

“…But it has been found that irradiation and storage do not produce changes in Hb's oxygenation state until day 13, at doses of radiation ranging from 15 to 50 Gy. However, this does not exclude the possibility that damages in the RBC membrane may effectively interrupt oxygen transport (Acosta-Elías et al, 2015;D' Alessandro et al, 2015). In this respect, the AFM studies may close the gap associated with structural changes in morphology and size of RBC when subjected to radiation and storage stressors.…”

“…One approach to assure the quality of irradiated blood is to seek parameters closely related to its primary function: oxygen transportation. Thus, the oxygenation state of the Hb molecule is considered as a reliable parameter to evaluate the quality of both stored and irradiated RBCs (Weinmann et al, 2000;Kanias and Acker, 2010;Acosta-Elías et al, 2015;Mustafa et al, 2016;Acosta-Elías et al, 2017). To discriminate changes that could affect the performance of RBC, it is necessary to take into account changes during storage, e.g., the conversion of erythrocytes into acanthocytes: type 1, with a small central pale halo, and type 2, with a flat surface.…”

Atomic force microscopy and Raman spectra profile of blood components associated with exposure to cigarette smoking

“…The changes in Raman spectra of smokers' Hb RBC were analysed according to Acosta-Elias M. et al 36 Raman measurements were carried out using solid-state laser excitation of 532 nm with 20 seconds of accumulation time and 2 mW of laser power and 1 mm spot size. The Raman analysis was performed from at least 20 RBC.…”