“…10 Among these, adsorption is the best method for water treatment owing to its low cost, simple operation, and eco-friendliness. 11 Many adsorbents, including activated carbon, 12 zeolites, 13 metal− organic frameworks, 14 graphene oxide, 15 and polymers, 16 have been used for water treatment to adsorb selectively heavy metals, dyes, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals. Despite their potential, challenges, such as high production cost, reusability, and complex synthesis, limit the application of these adsorbents.…”