Carboxyfluorescein as a fluorescent probe for cytoplasmic effects of lymphocyte stimulation

Determination of individual cell Michaelis‐Menten constants

“…Stimulation with PHA may affect the rate constants, as already explained. However, because intracellular activity measures apparent K M , the increase in that value may be due to a decrease in the cellular viscosity after stimulation (25)(26)(27). The FDA molecule is then more mobile and the dissociation rate (k 2 ) may increase.…”

Prelytic Stimulation of Target and Effector Cells Following Conjugation as Measured by Intracellular Fluorescein Fluorescence Polarization

“…In our previous studies we have shown that FP of ultrasonically disrupted cell suspension was the same as in PBS (ϳ0.02) when FDA and carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) were used for cell staining, 48 in contrast to a rather high level of FP (ϳ0.2) when BCECF/AM was used. 45 Intracellular fluorescein and CF, correspondingly hold one [??]…”

“…Different mechanisms which might explain this behavior were considered; namely, caging, attachment of dye molecules to macromolecules, or restricted orientational motion due to ''wobbling-incone.'' [46][47][48] If fluorescein is tightly trapped in a cage of the surrounding molecules, its motions will be limited although not bound to them. In this case, the embedding of fluorescein is assumed to be strongly dependent on the structure of the surrounding medium.…”

Physicochemical Properties of Fluorescent Probes: Experimental and Computational Determination of the Overlapping pKa Values of Carboxyfluorescein

“…In particular, CF and its derivatives have been widely used in biological, pharmaceutical, and biochemical applications such as fluorescent protein labeling and imaging, , as detectors of helminticide activities, as cargo for membrane penetration, as guest-indicators in chemosensors, and as acceptors in intramolecular fluorescence energy transfer (FRET) compounds . CF is also the most common fluorescent detector of liposome lysis allowing the determination of liposome stability. – In this application, CF has completely superseded fluorescein due to the lower permeability of the former in the bilayer . In a typical experiment, the dye is entrapped inside lipid vesicles in a high, self-quenched concentration (ca.…”