Carbonyl sulfide exchange in a temperate loblolly pine forest grown under ambient and elevated CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;

White, M. L.; Zhou, Yong; Russo, R. S.; Mao, Huiting; Talbot, R. W.; Varner, R. K.; Sive, B. C.

doi:10.5194/acp-10-547-2010

Cited by 30 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Interestingly, with the exception of beech in June/July and September/October 1999, a steady increase of V dCOS was found under 800 ppm CO 2 . Such a development of V dCOS is in accordance with data observed with sweetgum (White et al, 2010) but contrasts with the behavior of loblolly pine trees as reported by the same authors. However, we should have in mind that the third measurement period for the oak species was scheduled for a winter period, which limits a consistent interpretation.…”

Section: Leaf Conductances Deposition Velocities and Ca Activitiessupporting

confidence: 78%

Observations of the uptake of carbonyl sulfide (COS) by trees under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Global change forces ecosystems to adapt to elevated atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). We understand that carbonyl sulfide (COS), a trace gas which is involved in building up the stratospheric sulfate aerosol layer, is taken up by vegetation with the same triad of the enzymes which are metabolizing CO 2 , i.e. ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEP-Co) and carbonic anhydrase (CA). Therefore, we discuss a physiological/biochemical acclimation of these enzymes affecting the sink strength of vegetation for COS. We investigated the acclimation of two European tree species, Fagus sylvatica and Quercus ilex, grown inside chambers under elevated CO 2 , and determined the exchange characteristics and the content of CA after a 1-2 yr period of acclimation from 350 ppm to 800 ppm CO 2 . We demonstrate that a compensation point, by definition, does not exist. Instead, we propose to discuss a point of uptake affinity (PUA). The results indicate that such a PUA, the CA activity and the deposition velocities may change and may cause a decrease of the COS uptake by plant ecosystems, at least as long as the enzyme acclimation to CO 2 is not surpassed by an increase of atmospheric COS. As a consequence, the atmospheric COS level may rise causing an increase of the radiative forcing in the troposphere. However, this increase is counterbalanced by the stronger input of this trace gas into the stratosphere causing a stronger energy reflection by the stratospheric sulfur aerosol into space (Brühl et al., 2012). These data are very preliminary but may trigger a discussion on COS uptake acclimation to foster measurements with modern analytical instruments.

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Section: Leaf Conductances Deposition Velocities and Ca Activitiessupporting

confidence: 78%

Observations of the uptake of carbonyl sulfide (COS) by trees under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations

et al. 2012

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“…Several field studies provide support for this by showing that soils generally act as an OCS sink when measured at ambient concentrations (Castro and Galloway, 1991;Kuhn et al, 1999;J. Liu et al, 2010;Steinbacher et al, 2004;White et al, 2010;Yi et al, 2007) and that the uptake rate is reduced when the soil is autoclaved (Bremner and Banwart, 1976). Kesselmeier et al (1999) also observed a significant (> 50 %) reduction of the OCS uptake rate in soil samples after adding ethoxyzolamide, one of the most efficient known CA inhibitors (e.g.…”

Section: J Ogée Et Al: a New Mechanistic Framework To Predict Ocs Fmentioning

confidence: 89%

A new mechanistic framework to predict OCS fluxes from soils

Ogée¹,

et al. 2016

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Abstract.Estimates of photosynthetic and respiratory fluxes at large scales are needed to improve our predictions of the current and future global CO 2 cycle. Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is the most abundant sulfur gas in the atmosphere and has been proposed as a new tracer of photosynthetic gross primary productivity (GPP), as the uptake of OCS from the atmosphere is dominated by the activity of carbonic anhydrase (CA), an enzyme abundant in leaves that also catalyses CO 2 hydration during photosynthesis. However soils also exchange OCS with the atmosphere, which complicates the retrieval of GPP from atmospheric budgets. Indeed soils can take up large amounts of OCS from the atmosphere as soil microorganisms also contain CA, and OCS emissions from soils have been reported in agricultural fields or anoxic soils. To date no mechanistic framework exists to describe this exchange of OCS between soils and the atmosphere, but empirical results, once upscaled to the global scale, indicate that OCS consumption by soils dominates OCS emission and its contribution to the atmospheric budget is large, at about one third of the OCS uptake by vegetation, also with a large uncertainty. Here, we propose a new mechanistic model of the exchange of OCS between soils and the atmosphere that builds on our knowledge of soil CA activity from CO 2 oxygen isotopes. In this model the OCS soil budget is described by a first-order reaction-diffusion-production equation, assuming that the hydrolysis of OCS by CA is total and irreversible. Using this model we are able to explain the observed presence of an optimum temperature for soil OCS uptake and show how this optimum can shift to cooler temperatures in the presence of soil OCS emission. Our model can also explain the observed optimum with soil moisture content previously described in the literature as a result of diffusional constraints on OCS hydrolysis. These diffusional constraints are also responsible for the response of OCS uptake to soil weight and depth observed previously. In order to simulate the exact OCS uptake rates and patterns observed on several soils collected from a range of biomes, different CA activities had to be invoked in each soil type, coherent with expected physiological levels of CA in soil microbes and with CA activities derived from CO 2 isotope exchange measurements, given the differences in affinity of CA for both trace gases. Our model can be used to help upscale laboratory measurements to the plot or the region. Several suggestions are given for future experiments in order to test the model further and allow a better constraint on the large-scale OCS fluxes from both oxic and anoxic soils.

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“…This means that vegetative uptake of COS can continue during the night if stomata are not completely closed . Caird et al (2007) showed that nighttime stomatal conductance exists in a wide variety of plant species and several studies report nighttime depletion of COS mole fractions (White et al, 2010;Belviso et al, 2013;Commane et al, 2013Commane et al, , 2015Berkelhammer et al, 2014;Maseyk et al, 2014;Wehr et al, 2017). The measurements presented in White et al (2010), Maseyk et al (2014), Berkelhammer et al (2014) and Wehr et al (2017) indicated that nighttime ecosystem COS fluxes were indeed dominated by the vegetation, and not by the soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The integral was determined from hourly measured profile concentrations at 0.5, 4, 14, and 23 m in two ways: (1) by integrating an exponential fit through the data, and (2) by using trapezoidal areas (Winderlich et al, 2014). The concentration at ground level that is used for the second calculation method is estimated by extrapolating the gradient between 0.5 and 4 m to the ground level.…”

Section: Storage Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canopy uptake dominates nighttime carbonyl sulfide fluxes in a boreal forest

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Nighttime vegetative uptake of carbonyl sulfide (COS) can exist due to the incomplete closure of stomata and the light independence of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which complicates the use of COS as a tracer for gross primary productivity (GPP). In this study we derived nighttime COS fluxes in a boreal forest (the SMEAR II station in Hyytiälä, Finland; 61 • 51 N, 24 • 17 E; 181 m a.s.l.) from June to November 2015 using two different methods: eddycovariance (EC) measurements (F COS-EC ) and the radontracer method (F COS-Rn ). The total nighttime COS fluxes averaged over the whole measurement period were −6.8 ± 2.2 and −7.9 ± 3.8 pmol m −2 s −1 for F COS-Rn and F COS-EC , respectively, which is 33-38 % of the average daytime fluxes and 21 % of the total daily COS uptake. The correlation of 222 Rn (of which the source is the soil) with COS (average R 2 = 0.58) was lower than with CO 2 (0.70), suggesting that the main sink of COS is not located at the ground. These observations are supported by soil chamber measurements that show that soil contributes to only 34-40 % of the total nighttime COS uptake. We found a decrease in COS uptake with decreasing nighttime stomatal conductance and increasing vapor-pressure deficit and air temperature, driven by stomatal closure in response to a warm and dry period in August. We also discuss the effect that canopy layer mixing can have on the radon-tracer method and the sensitivity of (F COS-EC ) to atmospheric turbulence. Our results suggest that the nighttime uptake of COS is mainly driven by the tree foliage and is significant in a boreal forest, such that it needs to be taken into account when using COS as a tracer for GPP.

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Carbonyl sulfide exchange in a temperate loblolly pine forest grown under ambient and elevated CO<sub>2</sub>

Cited by 30 publications

References 70 publications

Observations of the uptake of carbonyl sulfide (COS) by trees under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations

Observations of the uptake of carbonyl sulfide (COS) by trees under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations

A new mechanistic framework to predict OCS fluxes from soils

Canopy uptake dominates nighttime carbonyl sulfide fluxes in a boreal forest

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