Carbonyl Stress and Diabetic Complications

Abstract

Advanced glycation irreversibly and progressively modifies proteins over time and yields the advanced glycation end-products (AGE). AGEs are thought to contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and of diabetic and uremic complications. Their inhibition has thus become a therapeutic goal. In this article, we discuss the role of various reactive carbonyl compound (RCOs) in the genesis of AGEs, postulate the existence of "carbonyl stress" in complicated diabetes and, finally, discuss therapeutic perspectives.

Carbonylated Proteins and Their Implication in Physiology and Pathology

“…A major goal of biological researchers of the last 50 years is the understanding of the mechanisms of regulation of cellular metabolism. By the mid-1970s it was clear that two major mechanisms were the control of the rate of synthesis of specific proteins (gene regulation) and the control of the activity of already Grattagliano et al, 1998;Suzuki et al, 1999;Baynes and Thorpe, 1999;Miyata et al, 2003;Oh-Ishi et al, 2003;De et al, 2003 Senturker et al, 2002;England et al, 2004Exercise Witt et al, 1992Sohal et al, 1993;Saxton et al, 1994;Radak et al, 1997;Goto et al, 1999;Bejma et al, 2000;Chevion et al, 2003 Extracellular matrix oxidation Mattana et al, 1995Familial candidiasis Gangemi et al, 2003Fibrinogen oxidation Shacter et al, 1995Belisario et al, 1997Fibromyalgia Eisinger et al, 1996 Fish oil supplementation Sen et al, 1997;Sato et al, 1998;Wander andDu, 2000 Food quality Iqbal et al, 2004;Rowe et al, 2004 Fruit and Irradiation of meat Rababah et al, 2004 Ischemia-reperfusion, cerebral hemorrhage, or stroke Oliver et al, 1990;Park and Kehrer, 1991;Folbergrova et al, 1993;Grune et al, 1993;Liu et al, 1993;Ayene et al, 1992;Chang et al, 1998;He et al, 1999;Takagi et al, 1999;Robinson et al, 1999;…”

Oxidative stress in myocardial infarction: Advanced glycation end-products causes oxidative stress in older myocardial infarction patients

“…Studies have suggested the role of oxidative stress in the formation of AGEs structures, therefore, it might be postulated that reactive oxygen intermediates may accelerate the rate of AGE formation through reactive oxoaldehydes and vice versa; AGEs might induce oxidative stress through chemical and cellular mechanisms (Basta et al, 2005;Miyata et al;. The observations of older groups increased as compared with that of young normal subjects.…”

Evaluation of aging, diabetes mellitus, and skin wounds by scanning acoustic microscopy with protease digestion

“…Cross-linking among collagen fibers (e.g., AGEs) increases with age [21–24] and might interfere with pepsin digestion [9,25]. Protease resistance may slow the recovery from inflammation and delay wound repair, as is often observed in DM patients [26].…”