Carbonization of trichloroethanes with anhydrous potassium hydroxide

Shi, Gaoquan; Liang, Ming; Wu, Sanxie; Hou, Wenhua; Guo, Lin

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(20000411)76:2<185::aid-app7>3.0.co;2-y

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…[ 7,23 ] This gap appears even more relevant if it is considered that, owing to the large variety of precursors, activators and mix designs applied to produce AAMs, the SCI in AAMs probably exhibits different and more varied features than the SCI in conventional concretes (as demonstrated by a study on the binder–aggregate interface in AAMs [ 72 ] ). Only very few studies have focussed on the characteristics of the SCI in AAMs, [ 63,70 ] and it is therefore clear that this issue requires further research.…”

Section: Parameters Influencing Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of AAMs, several different equivalent electrical circuits have been utilised, depending on the composition/precursors of the materials and the exposure conditions. [ 42,43,54,61,62,70,71,94 ] Because of this and because of the complexity of the method, it is difficult at present to draw general conclusions as regards the applicability of EIS to study steel corrosion in AAMs as compared to OPC‐based materials; an in‐depth discussion of the related principles, advantages and problems of the method is outside the scope of the present report.…”

Section: Other Electrochemical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 4) and a higher porosity and less tortuous pore structure of these materials. [ 97 ] In contrast, the resistivity of high‐Ca AAM (alkali‐activated blast furnace slag) mortars and concretes was found to be higher than that of OPC‐based mortars/concretes, [ 52,70 ] despite the fact that their pore solution has a higher conductivity than the pore solution of OPC [ 52 ] ; thus, the high resistance of high‐Ca AAMs is mainly caused by their dense pore system, that is, their generally low porosity and fine pores. [ 97 ]…”

Section: Commonly Applied Electrochemical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of electrochemical methods for studying steel corrosion in alkali‐activated materials

Mundra

Samson

Masi

et al. 2023

Materials & Corrosion

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Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) are binders that can complement and partially substitute the current use of conventional cement. However, the present knowledge about how AAMs protect steel reinforcement in concrete elements is incomplete, and uncertainties exist regarding the application of electrochemical methods to investigate this issue. The present review by EFC WP11-Task Force 'Corrosion of steel in alkali-activated materials' demonstrates that important differences exist between AAMs and Portland cement, and between different classes of AAMs, which are mainly caused by differing pore solution compositions, and which affect the outcomes of electrochemical measurements. The high sulfide concentrations in blast furnace slag-based AAMs lead to distinct anodic polarisation curves, unusually low open circuit potentials, and low polarisation resistances, which might be incorrectly interpreted as indicating active corrosion of steel reinforcement. No systematic

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Section: Parameters Influencing Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Electrochemical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Commonly Applied Electrochemical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Application of electrochemical methods for studying steel corrosion in alkali‐activated materials

Mundra

Samson

Masi

et al. 2023

Materials & Corrosion

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“…Shi et al also reported that a minimum of 3 days can be taken by the passivating species for layer development and rebar passivation, particularly in carbonated environments. [ 49 ] Low current density values recorded at 240 h suggests that an inhibitive layer is formed by Phe at the metal solution interface, which safeguarded the steel specimen from getting corroded.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion inhibition mechanism of aromatic amino acids for steel in alkaline pore solution simulating carbonated concrete environment

Purnima

Goyal

Luxami

2023

Materials & Corrosion

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Corrosion inhibition mechanism of two aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine (Phe) and tryptophan (Trp), was explored for steel in an alkaline pore solution simulating a carbonated concrete environment. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization test results revealed that both compounds can be used effectively as corrosion inhibitors for carbonated concrete environments with high inhibition efficiency. The dissolution of steel got controlled as Phe and Trp acted as anodic‐type inhibitors. Phe and Trp adsorbed on the steel surface by physiochemisorption process following the Langmuir isotherm. The inhibitive solution analysis through UV–visible technique confirmed the formation of inhibitor–Fe complexes. The surface of steel was analyzed after submergence in corrosive solutions with and without inhibitors by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which highlights the formation of a compact, barrier layer comprised of metal–inhibitor complex. Subsequently, with the help of the aforementioned techniques, an inhibition mechanism for Phe and Trp was conjectured, which revealed that the presence of additional heterocycle in amino acids can raise the chances of chelation and formation of a more adherent and thermodynamically stable layer. Phe bound with Fe ions through the carboxylate functional group only, while Trp chelated the Fe ions via a nitrogen atom of the pyrrole ring and carboxylate functional group.

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“…However, few works concern chemical syntheses of elemental carbons from low‐molecular‐weight halides. Recently, we have found that trichloroethane can be carbonized by dehydrochlorination under phase transfer conditions 17, 18. In these cases, the halides are dropped directly into the base and the yield of carbon is relatively low (∼ 40%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid/solid two-phase carbonization of low-molecular-weight chloro-/bromo-hydrocarbons

Liang

Shi

et al. 2000

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:A novel liquid/solid two-phase reaction has been discovered that enables destruction of a series of low-molecular-weight chloro-/bromo-hydrocarbons to carbonbased materials. The solid phase is anhydrous potassium hydroxide and the liquid phase is a benzene or tetrahydrofuran solution of halide and contains a certain amount of tetrabutyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) as phase transfer catalyst. The structure of the carbon-based materials have been characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), FT-Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, and their morphologies have been examined by wide-angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that the products are amorphous nanoparticles and contain mainly elemental carbon. They consist of sp, sp 2 , and sp 3 carbon atoms simultaneously and can be regarded as carbyne analogues. This work provides a convenient method for synthesizing new carbon-based materials in relatively high yields.

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Carbonization of trichloroethanes with anhydrous potassium hydroxide

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Application of electrochemical methods for studying steel corrosion in alkali‐activated materials

Application of electrochemical methods for studying steel corrosion in alkali‐activated materials

Corrosion inhibition mechanism of aromatic amino acids for steel in alkaline pore solution simulating carbonated concrete environment

Liquid/solid two-phase carbonization of low-molecular-weight chloro-/bromo-hydrocarbons

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