Carbonation and historical buildings made of concrete

Marie-Victoire, Elisabeth; Cailleux, Emmanuel; Texier, Annick

doi:10.1051/jp4:2006136031

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…In addition, the reduced concrete cover of the historic concrete and the coarser character of the material-due to the higher w/c ratios and poorer compaction methods compared to contemporary concrete-can accelerate the carbonation rate destroying the passivity layer at the concrete-steel interface [18]. Still, carbonated concrete does not necessarily lead to deleterious corrosion as long as the moisture content is low [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The plaster reduces the rate of carbonation of the concrete, allowing less ingress of CO 2 , and reduces the moisture content in the external layers of the material [20]. This protective layer has also shown protective effects, "however thin" the plaster was [19]. Whether the plaster was applied originally or not did not make a remarkable difference; the original plaster was slightly more protective than plaster applied in later interventions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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State of Conservation of Concrete Heritage Buildings: A European Screening

et al. 2021

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Historic concrete buildings are at risk. Limited knowledge of concrete technology until the 1960s led to more sensitive buildings than modern concrete buildings. In addition, the lack of sensibility regarding their heritage value and insufficient protection is leading to remorseless demolition. Still, concrete has proved to be a resilient material that can last over a century with proper care. There is not yet an estimation of the status of historic concrete buildings in Europe. Until now, a few attempts have been done to secondarily, and subjectively, gauge their conservation status. This paper is the result of a joint investigation studying forty-eight historic concrete buildings distributed in four countries. They were surveyed by expert teams according to a predefined methodology. The study aims to identify recurrent damages and parameters affecting the conservation state. It also aims to serve as the first trial for an objective and measurable methodology, to apply it with a statistically significant number of cases. Damages related to the corrosion of reinforcement and moisture-related processes were the most recurrent. The use of plasters, flat roofs, and structural façade walls show a positive effect in protecting the concrete. The state of conservation has a great variability across countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of Conservation of Concrete Heritage Buildings: A European Screening

et al. 2021

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“…In fact, the need to preserve the architectural heritage of the 20th century poses specific conservation challenges that need careful addressing. The literature in this regard has been flourishing over the last 20 years, encompassing many aspects of reinforced concrete damages and conservation [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55].…”

Section: The International Context: An Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Treachery of Images: Redefining the Structural System of Havana’s National Art Schools

Curto

Celli

2021

Sustainability

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This paper illustrates the contribution that on-site survey and graphical documentation offer to the structural comprehension of 20th century architectural and civil engineering heritage and, therefore, to its sustainable conservation. The research herein presented has identified the true structural system of Havana’s National Art Schools, an internationally well-known architectural masterpiece that was recently investigated within the drafting of a comprehensive conservation management plan. This iconic complex was built right after the Castro’s revolution and was meant to embody Cuba’s newfound freedom. To this end, the complex was supposed to be built using Catalan vaulting, a technique loaded with significance due to its provenance, affordability, and flexibility. While most of the literature, the architectural features, and the very designers assert that no concrete nor steel were employed during construction, recent studies suggested that a reinforced concrete core might be hidden behind the masonry-like appearance of the five buildings. The structural analysis performed in order to draft a conservation and management plan for the school site thus became a hermeneutic opportunity to address this topic. Combining direct observation, documentary research, and nondestructive analyses (infrared thermography and magnetometer testing), it was possible to finally redefine the structural nature of these notorious architectures, which are indeed mostly made of reinforced concrete.

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“…If carbonation induced corrosion and chloride induced corrosion were extensively studied as separate mechanisms [1] [2] [3] [4], research on their combined pollution, which is often encountered in the field of historic concrete, is rare [5]. For the latter, carbonation is usual, and can affect the concrete cover up to several centimetres [6].When chlorides, either linked to sea proximity or to de-icing salts, reach the reinforcing bars, then heavy corrosion can occur. In France, among the 850 historic monuments made of concrete, 27 % are concerned by chloride pollution and most of them are affected by carbonation [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion at low moisture content in both carbonated and chloride polluted concrete – Villa E-1027, a case study

Marie-Victoire

Bouichou

2019

MATEC Web Conf.

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Corrosion in reinforced concrete is generally attributed to either carbonation or chloride presence in the vicinity of the bars. But in the field of cultural heritage, especially for the most ancient monuments, it is not rare to encounter both carbonated and chloride polluted concrete, inducing heavy corrosion, as was the case in the Villa E-1027 in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, on the French Mediterranean seashore. The villa was designed by Eileen Gray and Jean Badovici between 1926 and 1929. Due to aggressive environmental conditions and a period of dereliction, the concrete of the villa was quite heavily decayed and a deep restoration was led between 2000 and 2006. But after a little more than 10 years, and despite active maintenance, the villa is again facing corrosion induced decay. Prior to the definition of a new restoration protocol, to better evaluate the corrosion activity, in 2017 a permanent monitoring of moisture and temperature both in the air and in the concrete was installed. In the meantime, a series of instant electrochemical measurements was performed from 2017 to 2018. A first analysis of the results of the monitoring and the non-destructive tests clearly evidences that probably due to the conjunction of the carbonation of the concrete and external active chloride pollution, corrosion can happen at quite low moisture content.

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Carbonation and historical buildings made of concrete

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

State of Conservation of Concrete Heritage Buildings: A European Screening

State of Conservation of Concrete Heritage Buildings: A European Screening

The Treachery of Images: Redefining the Structural System of Havana’s National Art Schools

Corrosion at low moisture content in both carbonated and chloride polluted concrete – Villa E-1027, a case study

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