Carbonaceous aerosol characteristics of PM2.5 particles in Northeastern Asia in summer 2002

Zhao, He; Kim, Y.J.; Ogunjobi, K. O.; Kim, J.E.; Ryu, Seon-Young

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.12.023

Cited by 71 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…5 These species have also been reported as abundant components along with OC from biomass/agricultural burning in the PM 2.5 source profiles. 4,40 Fine 27 Toronto, Canada, 28 Kyoto, Japan, 31 and Chongju, South Korea, 6 whereas those in Seoul were even lower than those in cities (Guangzhou 29 and Beijing 30 ) of China (Table 3). A weak correlation (r ϭ 0.17) between OC and EC was also observed during the study periods.…”

Section: Gaseous Speciesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Source Identification and Trends in Concentrations of Gaseous and Fine Particulate Principal Species in Seoul, South Korea

Kang

Kang²,

Lee

2006

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Ambient measurements were made using two sets of annular denuder system during the four seasons (April 2001 to February 2002 and were then compared with the results during the period of 1996 -1997 to estimate the trends and seasonal variations in concentrations of gaseous and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) principal species. Annual averages of gaseous HNO 3 and NH 3 increased by 11% and 6%, respectively, compared with those of the previous study, whereas HONO and SO 2 decreased by 11% and 136%, respectively. The PM 2.5 concentration decreased by ϳ17%, 35% for SO 4 2Ϫ , and 29% for NH 4 ϩ , whereas NO 3 Ϫ increased by 21%. Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were 12.8 and 5.98 g/m Ϫ3

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Section: Gaseous Speciesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Source Identification and Trends in Concentrations of Gaseous and Fine Particulate Principal Species in Seoul, South Korea

Kang

Kang²,

Lee

2006

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…The ratio of OC to EC has been used to interpret data on secondary aerosol formation and to trace/distinguish emission sources (e.g., He et al, 2004;Chu, 2005;Jaffrezo et al, 2005;Aymoz et al, 2006). For instance, He et al (2005) reported the size-resolved OC/EC ratio and found most particles smaller than 50 nm have OC/EC ratios greater than 10.…”

Section: Particulate Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions of Volatile Particulate Components from Turboshaft Engines Operated with JP-8 and Fischer-Tropsch Fuels

Cheng

Corporan

DeWitt

et al. 2009

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Particulate emissions from two types of helicopter turboshaft engines operated with military JP-8 and paraffinic Fischer-Tropsch (FT) fuels were characterized as an objective of the field campaign held at the Hunter Army Airfield in Savannah, GA in June 2007. In general helicopter engines exhaust particles size distributions observed at the engine nozzle and 4.14 m downstream locations showing the geometric mean diameters smaller than 50 nm for all engine power settings investigated in this study. For both locations, the geometric mean diameter increased as the engine power setting increased; this trend also holds true for the emitted particle number concentration. The growth of particle geometric mean diameter was found significant, 7 nm, only in the case of the idle power setting.Sulfur-to-sulfate conversion was found to be independent of the engine power setting. Emissions of both sulfur and sulfate increased as the engine power increased. When JP-8 fuel was used, particles smaller than 7 nm were found to increase in samples taken at the downstream location. The number concentration in this tail increased as the power setting increased. No such observation was found when FT fuel was used implying that the increased formation of nuclei particles in the plume downstream was likely to be caused by the sulfur and aromatic compounds in the JP-8 fuel. Total particulate carbon emissions increased as the engine power setting increased. Use of FT fuel reduced the elemental carbon emissions as it compared to the JP-8 fuel, and organic carbon emission at idle power but not at the higher powers. The reduction of elemental carbon by the FT fuel was attributed to the absence of aromatics (soot precursors) in the fuel. The OC/EC ratio was found to be in the range of 3-50 depending on the engine power setting. The aircraft emitted OC/EC was found to decrease as the engine power increased.

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“…Carbonaceous aerosols are the important component of PM 2.5 (∼ 20-80 %) (Rogge et al, 1993;He et al, 2004;Dan et al, 2004;Kanakidou et al, 2005) and are regarded as essential for controlling the formation and evolution of haze episodes. Relatively high concentrations of carbona-ceous aerosols have been observed during typical haze days in northern, southern and central China (Zhao et al, 2013;Deng et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of non-fossil-fuel emissions in carbonaceous aerosols during early winter in Chinese cities

Liu

Cheng

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. China experiences frequent and severe haze outbreaks from the beginning of winter. Carbonaceous aerosols are regarded as an essential factor in controlling the formation and evolution of haze episodes. To elucidate the carbon sources of air pollution, source apportionment was conducted using radiocarbon ( 14 C) and unique molecular organic tracers. Daily 24 h PM 2.5 samples were collected continuously from October 2013 to November 2013 in 10 Chinese cities. The 14 C results indicated that non-fossil-fuel (NF) emissions were predominant in total carbon (TC; average = 65 ± 7 %). Approximately half of the EC was derived primarily from biomass burning (BB) (average = 46±11 %), while over half of the organic carbon (OC) fraction comprised NF (average = 68 ± 7 %). On average, the largest contributor to TC was NF-derived secondary OC (SOC nf ), which accounted for 46 ± 7 % of TC, followed by SOC derived from fossil fuels (FF) (SOC f ; 16 ± 3 %), BB-derived primary OC (POC bb ; 13 ± 5 %), POC derived from FF (POC f ; 12 ± 3 %), EC derived from FF (EC f ; 7±2 %) and EC derived from BB (EC bb ; 6 ± 2 %). The regional background carbonaceous aerosol composition was characterized by NF sources; POCs played a major role in northern China, while SOCs contributed more in other regions. However, during haze episodes, there were no dramatic changes in the carbon source or composition in the cities under study, but the contribution of POC from both FF and NF increased significantly.

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Carbonaceous aerosol characteristics of PM2.5 particles in Northeastern Asia in summer 2002

Cited by 71 publications

References 26 publications

Source Identification and Trends in Concentrations of Gaseous and Fine Particulate Principal Species in Seoul, South Korea

Source Identification and Trends in Concentrations of Gaseous and Fine Particulate Principal Species in Seoul, South Korea

Emissions of Volatile Particulate Components from Turboshaft Engines Operated with JP-8 and Fischer-Tropsch Fuels

Sources of non-fossil-fuel emissions in carbonaceous aerosols during early winter in Chinese cities

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