Source Identification and Trends in Concentrations of Gaseous and Fine Particulate Principal Species in Seoul, South Korea

Kang, Choong-Min; Kang, Byung-Wook; Lee, Hak Sung

doi:10.1080/10473289.2006.10464506

Cited by 40 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…On 1 January 2005, the Korean Ministry of Environment established the "Special Act on Metropolitan Air Quality Improvement" whose principal objective is to improve the PM 10 annual concentration in Seoul metropolitan area from 60 µg/m 3 in 2005 to 40 µg/m 3 by 2014. However, the PM 2.5 concentrations remains high compared to similar cities in developed countries (Kang et al, 2006;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The addition of back-trajectory ensemble methods can help to identify regional sources that contribute to urban PM 2.5 concentrations . In East Asia, these trajectory ensemble methods have been successfully used to identify possible source locations for the dry deposition of heavy metals (Han et al, 2004) and PM 2.5 chemical species (Kang et al, 2006;. However, in these earlier studies, trajectory analysis was not combined with source apportionments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Seoul, Korea

2009

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Abstract. PM2.5 samples were collected at a centrally located urban monitoring site in Seoul, Korea, every third day from March 2003 to December 2006 and analyzed for their chemical constituents. Sources were identified using positive matrix factorization (PMF). A total of 393 samples were obtained during the sampling period, and 20 chemical species were measured. Nine PM2.5 source categories were identified providing physically realistic profiles and interesting insights into the source contributions to the ambient mass concentrations. The major contributors of PM2.5 were secondary nitrate (20.9%), secondary sulfate (20.5%), gasoline-fueled vehicles (17.2%), and biomass burning (12.1%), with lesser contributions from diesel emissions (8.1%), soil (7.4%), industry (6.7%), road salt and two-stroke vehicles (5.1%), and aged sea salt (2.2%). PM2.5 levels in Seoul were influenced by both local urban activities and regional-scale transport. Conditional probability function (CPF) results identified possible source directions of local sources such as motor vehicles (gasoline and diesel), industry, and road salt. Potential source contribution function (PSCF) results showed that possible source areas contributing to the elevated secondary particle concentrations (sulfate and nitrate) in Seoul to be the major industrial areas in China.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Seoul, Korea

2009

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“…A large proportion of South Korea's emissions of primary pollutants and secondary aerosol contributors are emitted from the SMA: 38 % of carbon monoxide (CO), 32 % of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 26 % of nitrogen oxides (NO x ), and 19 % of ammonia (NH 3 ;NIER, 2015). The fraction of sulfur oxide (SO x ) emission in the SMA is small (only 9 % of South Korea's total emissions) due to the expansion of natural gas and low-sulfur fuel usage since the late 1990s (Kang et al, 2006). In addition to domestic emissions, the background air pollution levels in the SMA could be affected by massive emissions in the Chinese eastern coastal region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the multiday haze in the Asian continental outflow: the important role of synoptic conditions combined with regional and local sources

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The air quality of the megacities in populated and industrialized regions like East Asia is affected by both local and regional emission sources. The combined effect of regional transport and local emissions on multiday haze was investigated through a synthetic analysis of PM 2.5 sampled at both an urban site in Seoul, South Korea and an upwind background site on Deokjeok Island over the Yellow Sea during a severe multiday haze episode in late February 2014. Inorganic components and carbonaceous species of daily PM 2.5 samples were measured, and gaseous pollutants, local meteorological factors, and synoptic meteorological conditions were also determined. A dominance of fine-mode particles (PM 2.5 / PM 10 ∼ 0.8), a large secondary inorganic fraction (76 %), high OC / EC (> 7), and highly oxidized aerosols (oxygen-to-carbon ratio of ∼ 0.6 and organic-mass-to-carbon ratio of ∼ 1.9) under relatively warm, humid, and stagnant conditions characterize the multiday haze episode in Seoul; however, the early and late stages of the episode show different chemical compositions of PM 2.5 . High concentrations of sulfate in both Seoul and the upwind background in the early stage suggest a significant regional influence on the onset of the multiday haze. At the same time, high concentrations of nitrate and organic compounds in Seoul, which are local and highly correlated with meteorological factors, suggest the contribution of local emissions and secondary formation under stagnant meteorological conditions to the haze. A slow eastward-moving high-pressure system from southern China to the East China Sea induces the regional transport of aerosols and potential gaseous precursors for secondary aerosols from the North China Plain in the early stage but provides stagnant conditions conducive to the accumulation and the local formation of aerosols in the late stage. A blocking ridge over Alaska that developed during the episode hinders the zonal propagation of synoptic-scale systems and extends the haze period to several days. This study provides chemical insights into haze development sequentially by regional transport and local sources, and shows that the synoptic condition plays an important role in the dynamical evolution of long-lasting haze in the Asian continental outflow region.

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“…오스트레일리아에서 식물연소로 년간 40~130백만 ha의 면적이 연소되고 있으며, 1998~1999년과 1999~2000년 사이의 산불 로 각각 31, 71백만 ha가 소실되었다 (Gill and Moore, 2005;WHO, 2000). (Stone et al, 2008;Chowdhury et al, 2007;Kang et al, 2006;Lee et al, 2005;Schauer et al, 2002;Kang et al, 2000). 참 고 문 헌…”

Section: 또한 식물연소로 인하여 배출된 오염물질들은 대기unclassified

A Study on the Source Profile Development for Fine Particles (PM_2.5) Emitted from Biomass Burning

Kang¹,

Lee²

2012

Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment

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This study was performed to develop the source profiles for fine particles (PM 2.5 ) emitted from the biomass burning. The multi-method research strategy included a usage of combustion devices such as field burning, fireplace, and residential wood burning to burn rice straw, fallen leaves, pine tree, and oak tree. The data were collected from multiple sources and measured water-soluble ions, elements, elemental carbon (EC), and organic carbon (OC).From this study, it turned out that OC (34~67%) and EC (1.2~39%) are the major components emitted from biomass burning. In the case of burning rice straw at field burning, OC (66.6%) was the most abundant species, followed by EC (4.3%), Cl -(3.6%), Cl (2.1%), and SO 4 2-(1.9%). Burning rice straw, fallen leaves, pine tree, and oak tree at fireplace, the amount of OC was 58.5%, 52.7%, 52.5%, and 61.2%, and that of EC was 1.2%, 18.4%, 36.5%, and 2.7%, respectively. The ratio of OC for the burning of pine tree and oak tree from the residential wood burning device was 56.9% and 34.3%, and that of EC was 25% and 38.6%, respectively. Applying the measured data with respect to the proportion of components emitted from biomass burning to reference model, it turned out that self-diagnosed result was appropriate level, and the result based on the model is in highly corresponding to actual timing of biomass burning.

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Source Identification and Trends in Concentrations of Gaseous and Fine Particulate Principal Species in Seoul, South Korea

Cited by 40 publications

References 35 publications

Source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Seoul, Korea

Source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Seoul, Korea

On the multiday haze in the Asian continental outflow: the important role of synoptic conditions combined with regional and local sources

A Study on the Source Profile Development for Fine Particles (PM_2.5) Emitted from Biomass Burning

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Source Identification and Trends in Concentrations of Gaseous and Fine Particulate Principal Species in Seoul, South Korea

Cited by 40 publications

References 35 publications

Source apportionment of PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; in Seoul, Korea

Source apportionment of PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; in Seoul, Korea

On the multiday haze in the Asian continental outflow: the important role of synoptic conditions combined with regional and local sources

A Study on the Source Profile Development for Fine Particles (PM2.5) Emitted from Biomass Burning

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Source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Seoul, Korea

Source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Seoul, Korea

A Study on the Source Profile Development for Fine Particles (PM_2.5) Emitted from Biomass Burning