Carbon-supported Pt₅P₂nanoparticles used as a high-performance electrocatalyst for the methanol oxidation reaction

Abstract

The Pt5P2/C catalyst achieves a factor of 11.0 and 9.1 enhancement in mass activity (MA) and specific activity (SA) for MOR relative to Pt/C, respectively, while a factor of 9.1 and 7.9 enhancement in MA and SA relative to PtRu/C-JM.

Lattice engineering of noble metal-based nanomaterials via metal–nonmetal interactions for catalytic applications

“…6D), which could serve as a MOR electrochemical catalyst. 119 In the synthesis process of Pt 5 P 2 nanoparticles, a mixed aqueous dispersion of carbon black, sodium hypophosphite, and dibasic sodium phosphate (P sources) was first prepared, followed by adding chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate (H 2 PtCl 6 ·6H 2 O) as the Pt sources. The final product was obtained after heat treatment at 125 °C under reflux for 4 h. The diffraction peaks of pre-obtained Pt 5 P 2 nanoparticles were indexed into the monoclinic phase of the Pt 5 P 2 nanocrystal, and the fcc Pt characteristic peaks could not be observed in the XRD pattern, confirming the full phosphorization of Pt (Fig.…”

Multifunctional Noble Metal Phosphide Electrocatalysts for Organic Molecule Electro-Oxidation

“…5,12,17−19 For example, many researches were focused on the improved dispersion of Pt or Pd nanoparticles on a better catalyst support 20−22 and on the development of Pt-or Pd-based alloy catalysts such as noble metal alloys, 23−25 noble metaltransition-metal alloys, 26−28 noble metal−oxide composites, 29,30 and noble metal compounds (e.g., PtP and PdP 2 ). 31−35 Among these, noble metal phosphide catalysts stand out for their improved mass activity, 31,32 enhanced corrosion resistance, and poisoning tolerance, 33−37 which have recently drawn significant research interest. In addition, from the application perspective, it is highly desirable for one single catalyst to be active toward several OMEO reactions, such as formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR), 26,28,35−37 methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), 20,[22][23][24]26,30,31,33,36 ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR), 21,22,[26][27][28][29][30]34,36 and ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR), 22,25,26,30,32,36 to simplify the design and mass production of catalysts, satisfying the needs of different types of DLFCs.…”

“…31−35 Among these, noble metal phosphide catalysts stand out for their improved mass activity, 31,32 enhanced corrosion resistance, and poisoning tolerance, 33−37 which have recently drawn significant research interest. In addition, from the application perspective, it is highly desirable for one single catalyst to be active toward several OMEO reactions, such as formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR), 26,28,35−37 methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), 20,[22][23][24]26,30,31,33,36 ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR), 21,22,[26][27][28][29][30]34,36 and ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR), 22,25,26,30,32,36 to simplify the design and mass production of catalysts, satisfying the needs of different types of DLFCs. To this end, there are already some progresses recently on multifunctional OMEO catalysts, 22,26,28,30,35,36 but the breadth of multifunctionalities (e.g., the type of fuels oxidized and electrolytes used) and electrocatalytic performance toward each of the multiple reactions still need to be further improved.…”

“…Platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd) are by far the most commonly used anode electrocatalysts in DLFCs fed with low-molecular-weight alcohols. − However, the high price and low earth abundance of noble metals Pt and Pd impose a grand challenge for the market penetration of DLFCs. , In addition, the partially oxidized intermediates during the OMEO, such as carbon monoxide (CO), even at ppm level, are known to be able to poison noble metal catalysts, causing a gradual performance degradation and eventually a failure. , Thus, considerable research effort has been dedicated to engineering the microstructure and composition of catalysts to improve the catalytic performance and lifetime toward the OMEO. ,,− For example, many researches were focused on the improved dispersion of Pt or Pd nanoparticles on a better catalyst support − and on the development of Pt- or Pd-based alloy catalysts such as noble metal alloys, − noble metaltransition-metal alloys, − noble metal–oxide composites, , and noble metal compounds (e.g., PtP and PdP 2 ). − Among these, noble metal phosphide catalysts stand out for their improved mass activity, , enhanced corrosion resistance, and poisoning tolerance, − which have recently drawn significant research interest. In addition, from the application perspective, it is highly desirable for one single catalyst to be active toward several OMEO reactions, such as formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR), ,,− methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), ,− ,,,,, ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR), ,,− ,, and ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR), ...…”