Carbon-Supported Pt-Based Alloy Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells: Particle Size, Shape, and Composition Manipulation and Their Impact to Activity

Wang, Yanjie; Zhao, Nana; Fang, Baizeng; Li, Hui; Bi, Xiaotao; Wang, Haijiang

doi:10.1021/cr500519c

Cited by 1,095 publications

(663 citation statements)

References 404 publications

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“…When a foreign atom is introduced, the electronic state of Pt can be adjusted, and better adsorption of hydrogen can be achieved. The Pt alloys and core/shell structures have been studied intensively for the ORR and have been proved to exhibit enhanced catalytic performance [5]. It has been confirmed that this method can also be applied for enhancement of the HOR/ HER activity.…”

Section: Pgm-based Hor/her Catalysts Active In Basementioning

confidence: 96%

Electrocatalysts for hydrogen oxidation and evolution reactions

Zhuang

2016

Sci. China Mater.

148

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Section: Pgm-based Hor/her Catalysts Active In Basementioning

confidence: 96%

Electrocatalysts for hydrogen oxidation and evolution reactions

Zhuang

2016

Sci. China Mater.

148

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“…To achieve the large-scale commercialization of PEMFCs, the biggest challenge arises from the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction occurring at the cathode [3][4][5][6]. The current state-of-the-art electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is Pt nanoparticles (5-10 nm in diameter) dispersed in porous carbon materials (denoted as Pt/C) [7][8][9][10]. Even if Pt is considered as the best choice as the catalyst, there are several significant limitation factors that hinder its widespread utilizations [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyzed by Noble Metal Clusters

Tang

Wang

2018

Catalysts

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Highly-efficient catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have been extensively investigated for the development of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The state-ofthe-art Pt/C catalysts suffer from high price, limited accessibility of Pt, sluggish reaction kinetics, as well as undesirable long-term durability. Engineering ultra-small noble metal clusters with high surface-to-volume ratios and robust stabilities for ORR represents a new avenue. After a simple introduction regarding the significance of ORR and the recent development of noble metal clusters, the general ORR mechanism in both acidic and basic media is firstly discussed. Subsequently, we will summarize the recent efforts employing Pt, Au, Ag, Pd and Ru clusters, as well as the alloyed bi-metallic clusters for acquiring highly efficient catalysts to enhance both the activity and stability of ORR. Molecular noble metal clusters with definitive composition to reveal the relevant ORR mechanism will be particularly highlighted. Finally, the current challenges, the future outlook, as well as the perspectives in this booming field will be proposed, featuring the great opportunities and potentials to engineering noble metal clusters as highly-efficient and durable cathodic catalysts for fuel cell applications.

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“…However, besides the composition, the intrinsic activity of nanoparticles also depends on their size and shape which strongly determine the atomic surface structure of the nanoparticles [12][13][14][15] . Thus, by controlling the morphology of the NCs it is possible to maximize the exposure of certain facets that exhibit better catalytic properties 16,17 . These are the premises that led to establish {111}-Pt 3 Ni surfaces as the ideal electrocatalyst for the ORR 18,19 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental Anisotropic Growth and Atomic-Scale Structure of Shape-Controlled Octahedral Pt–Ni–Co Alloy Nanocatalysts

et al. 2015

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Multimetallic shape-controlled nanoparticles offer great opportunities to tune the activity, selectivity and stability of electrocatalytic surface reactions. However, in many cases, our synthetic control over particle size, composition and shape is limited requiring trial and error.Deeper atomic-scale insight in the particle formation process would enable more rational syntheses. Here we exemplify this using a family of trimetallic PtNiCo nanooctahedra obtained via a low-temperature, surfactant-free solvothermal synthesis. We analyze the competition between Ni and Co precursors under co-reduction "one-step" conditions when the Ni reduction rates prevailed. To tune the Co reduction rate and final content we develop a "two-step" route and track the evolution of the composition and morphology of the particles at the atomic scale.To achieve this, scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray elemental mapping techniques are used. We provide evidence of a heterogeneous element distribution caused by element-specific anisotropic growth and create octahedral nanoparticles with tailored atomic composition like Pt 1.5 M, PtM and PtM 1.5 (M=Ni+Co). These trimetallic electrocatalysts have been tested toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), showing a greatly enhanced mass activity related to commercial Pt/C and less activity loss than binary PtNi and PtCo after 4000 potential cycles.Keywords: PtNiCo octahedra, intraparticle composition, anisotropic growth, oxygen reduction reaction. 3Over the past years, extensive research and development has been carried out in fuel cells with the aim of implementing this technology on transportation, stationary and portable power generation 1, 2 . Nevertheless, some issues such as catalysts kinetic limitations, durability and cost must still be addressed before their successful commercialization. Oxygen reduction electrocatalysts are known to play a crucial role on fuel cells performance, being the fundamental studies on the subject still required to overcome these barriers 3,4 . By alloying Pt with other non-noble metals, it is possible to produce cheaper electrocatalysts with novel properties for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to lattice compression 5,6 and/or modified electronic properties 7,8 . Thus, several studies have shown that binary Pt-M (M=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, V, Ti) nanocrystals (NCs) greatly enhanced the kinetics of the ORR in comparison with standard Pt catalysts 9-11 . However, besides the composition, the intrinsic activity of nanoparticles also depends on their size and shape which strongly determine the atomic surface structure of the nanoparticles [12][13][14][15] . Thus, by controlling the morphology of the NCs it is possible to maximize the exposure of certain facets that exhibit better catalytic properties 16,17 . These are the premises that led to establish {111}-Pt 3 Ni surfaces as the ideal electrocatalyst for the ORR 18,19 . Since then, many synthetic routes to obtain PtNi nanooctahedra, which ideally exhibit 8 face...

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Carbon-Supported Pt-Based Alloy Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells: Particle Size, Shape, and Composition Manipulation and Their Impact to Activity

Cited by 1,095 publications

References 404 publications

Electrocatalysts for hydrogen oxidation and evolution reactions

Electrocatalysts for hydrogen oxidation and evolution reactions

Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyzed by Noble Metal Clusters

Elemental Anisotropic Growth and Atomic-Scale Structure of Shape-Controlled Octahedral Pt–Ni–Co Alloy Nanocatalysts

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