Carbon support oxidation in PEM fuel cell cathodes

Maaß, Susanne; Finsterwalder, F.; Frank, G. T.; Hartmann, Ralf; Merten, C.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.08.053

Cited by 680 publications

(542 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It consisted of a potential holding at 1.2 V vs. RHE for 90 min, under inert atmosphere. The potential is high enough to cause carbon oxidation at reasonable currents but low enough to avoid the oxygen evolution reaction [28,41]. Cyclic voltammograms at different scan rates Blank experiments with the gas diffusion layer were performed to subtract its contribution to the capacitance.…”

Section: Corrosion Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of thermal treatments on the stability of Pd nanoparticles supported on graphitised ordered mesoporous carbons

Celorrio

Sebastián

Calvillo

et al. 2016

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. AbstractThe graphitisation of ordered mesoporous carbons (CMK-3) was carried out by thermal treatments under different conditions of temperature and heating rate. The electrochemical characterization in acidic medium of the graphitised CMK-3 showed that such a thermal treatment is effective to decrease the carbon oxidation rate (corrosion) while preserving a good porosity in terms of capacitance.Besides, the graphitisation degree and, in consequence, the electrochemical corrosion resistance can be modulated by an appropriate choice of thermal treatment conditions, where the heating rate and temperature appear as critical parameters. Under certain graphitisation conditions, the carbon corrosion of CMK-3 can be minimized showing lower rates compared to a commercial carbon black (Vulcan). Palladium nanoparticles were supported on the most promising graphitised CMK-3 and Vulcan using a method based on impregnation and reduction with borohydride, resulting in suitable metal crystallite sizes. The electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of carbon monoxide and formic acid were assessed in aqueous sulphuric acid electrolyte for application at the anode of direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFCs). The best activity results were obtained for the Pd catalyst supported on a graphitised CMK-3.

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Section: Corrosion Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbon electrochemical corrosion at elevated potentials proceeds through the following reaction [41]:…”

Section: Corrosion Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of thermal treatments on the stability of Pd nanoparticles supported on graphitised ordered mesoporous carbons

Celorrio

Sebastián

Calvillo

et al. 2016

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…Despite the majority of studies blaming voltage cycling of the cell for the carbon corrosion in PEMFC [184, 185, 187-189, 218, 243], some studies have associated its cause to the presence of liquid water in the catalyst [248][249][250][251][252]. Maass et al [249] found that the corrosion rate of carbon is linearly dependant on the molar water concentration.…”

Section: Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maass et al [249] found that the corrosion rate of carbon is linearly dependant on the molar water concentration. For each H 2 O molecule present one molecule of CO 2 is formed.…”

Section: Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation aspects of water formation and transport in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell: A review

Ous

Arcoumanis

2013

Journal of Power Sources

131

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link AbstractThis review paper summarises the key aspects of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) degradation that are associated with water formation, retention, accumulation, and transport mechanisms within the cell. Issues related to loss of active surface area of the catalyst, ionomer dissolution, membrane swelling, ice formation, corrosion, and contamination are also addressed and discussed. The impact of each of these water mechanisms on cell performance and durability was found to be different and to vary according to the design of the cell and its operating conditions. For example, the presence of liquid water within Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA), as a result of water accumulation, can be detrimental if the operating temperature of the cell drops to sub-freezing.The volume expansion of liquid water due to ice formation can damage the morphology of different parts of the cell and may shorten its life-time. This can be more serious, for example, during the water transport mechanism where migration of Pt particles from the catalyst may take place after detachment from the carbon support. Furthermore, the effect of transport mechanism could be augmented if humid reactant gases containing impurities poison the membrane, leading to the same outcome as water retention or accumulation.Overall, the impact of water mechanisms can be classified as aging or catastrophic. Aging has a longterm impact over the duration of the PEMFC life-time whereas in the catastrophic mechanism the impact is immediate. The conversion of cell residual water into ice at sub-freezing temperatures by the water retention/ accumulation mechanism and the access of poisoning contaminants through the water transport mechanism are considered to fall into the catastrophic category. The effect of water mechanisms on PEMFC degradation can be reduced or even eliminated by (a) using advanced materials for improving the electrical, chemical and mechanical stability of the cell components against deterioration, and (b) implementing effective strategies for water management in the cell.

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“…In frequent start-stop operations, particularly for automobiles, the cathode is exposed to a highly positive potential and the carbon support can be corroded via oxidation. 1,[3][4][5][6] As solutions to this durability issue, SnO 2 , Nb-SnO 2 , 7 TiO x and TiN, 8 and polymer-coated carbon nanotubes 9 have all been reported as candidates for alternative support materials with superior tolerance to corrosion from electrochemical oxidation. Boron-doped diamond (BDD) has also attracted attention as an electrode material because it possesses excellent chemical/electrochemical stability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Boron-Doped Diamond Powder as a Durable Support for Platinum-Based Cathode Catalysts in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Kondo

Kikuchi

Masuda

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Platinum nanoparticle-supported boron-doped diamond powder (Pt/BDDP) was prepared and investigated as a durable polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) cathode catalyst. The use of the nanocapsule method enabled dense deposition of Pt nanoparticles (2-5 nm in size) on a boron-doped diamond (BDD) powder <500 nm in size. The Pt/BDDP cathode catalyst showed oxygen reduction reaction activity comparable to Pt-supported carbon black (Pt/C), indicating sufficient conductivity of the BDDP as a catalyst support. Potential cycling in a highly positive potential region (+1.0-+1.5 V vs. NHE) that simulates the start-stop operations of the PEFC was performed to investigate the durability of the Pt/BDDP catalyst. Decreases in the electrochemically active surface area of the Pt/BDDP were suppressed compared to that of Pt/C. Corrosion resistance of BDD against potential cycling was demonstrated by testing a BDD thin-film electrode. The corrosion resistance should be responsible for the improved durability of the BDDP support, possibly by lowering the Pt nanoparticle association process (e.g., agglomeration The polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is a promising power generating system for portable devices, electric vehicles, and electric transportation applications because of its low operating temperature, high power density, high theoretical energy efficiency, and fast start-up advantages. 1,2 Improvement of PEFC durability has been desired for large-scale commercialization; a major obstacle is the deterioration of the carbon support for PEFC cathode catalysts. In frequent start-stop operations, particularly for automobiles, the cathode is exposed to a highly positive potential and the carbon support can be corroded via oxidation. 1,3-6 As solutions to this durability issue, SnO 2 , Nb-SnO 2 , 7 TiO x and TiN, 8 and polymer-coated carbon nanotubes 9 have all been reported as candidates for alternative support materials with superior tolerance to corrosion from electrochemical oxidation. Boron-doped diamond (BDD) has also attracted attention as an electrode material because it possesses excellent chemical/electrochemical stability. The BDD electrode is corrosion resistant; even in electrolytic water treatment at highly positive potentials, BDD electrode exhibits long service lifetimes with stable high performance. [10][11][12][13] To apply BDD as a PEFC catalyst support, BDD powder (BDDP) should be used. Several reports exist on the application of BDDP as a catalyst support for the direct methanol fuel cell anode catalyst. The Pt or Pt-Ru particle catalysts were deposited onto BDDP, and the catalysts exhibited high activity and stability to anodic methanol oxidation. [14][15][16][17][18] Recently, Kim reported that Pt/BDDP can be useful as a durable cathode catalyst for PEFC. 19 They fabricated a unit cell using the Pt/BDDP cathode catalyst and found that the decrease in Pt loading during an accelerated long-term test (0.6 V at 90 • C) was less on the BDD support than on the Vulcan XC-72 or multi-walled carbon nanotube supports. ...

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Carbon support oxidation in PEM fuel cell cathodes

Cited by 680 publications

References 30 publications

Influence of thermal treatments on the stability of Pd nanoparticles supported on graphitised ordered mesoporous carbons

Influence of thermal treatments on the stability of Pd nanoparticles supported on graphitised ordered mesoporous carbons

Degradation aspects of water formation and transport in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell: A review

Boron-Doped Diamond Powder as a Durable Support for Platinum-Based Cathode Catalysts in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

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