Carbon sources improve water quality, microbial community, immune‐related and antioxidant genes expression and survival of challenged Litopenaeus vannamei Postlarvae in biofloc system

Abstract

The influence of different processed agriculture wastes as carbon sources including sugarcane bagasse (SCB), rice bran (RB) and rice straw (RS) on water quality, microbial community, and expression of immune‐related and antioxidant genes in both hepatic and muscle tissues was evaluated. Furthermore, the cumulative mortality rates of Litopenaeus vannamei when challenged with Vibrio and Shewanella algae were estimated. The experiment lasted for 3 months in outdoor culture ponds, and the results indicated that the water quality parameters improved with different biofloc (BF) treatments. The total heterotrophic bacteria were increased in the BF treatments until the end of the experiment when compared to the control group. Regarding the hepatic and muscular expression of immune‐related genes such as beta‐glucan‐binding protein, lipopolysaccharides/b‐glucan‐binding protein, prophenoloxidase, lysozyme, crustin, transglutaminase, hemocyanin and antioxidant genes including glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, the SCB treatment was higher in all genes expression among different BF treatments and control. Moreover, the SCB treatment also had the best survival rate compared with RB, RS and control treatments when challenged with both Vibrio and Shewanella algae. In general, these results suggested that the SCB is an ideal carbon‐rich food source, boosts the immune system and promotes disease resistance of L. vannamei.

Impact of Dietary Administration of Seaweed Polysaccharide on Growth, Microbial Abundance, and Growth and Immune-Related Genes Expression of The Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

“…Based on the findings of the current study, it appears that seaweed polysaccharide extraction may increase the expression of growth-related genes at the mRNA level, hence boosting growth capacity indirectly. Other studies examining the impact of employing different carbon sources for boosting IGF-I and IGF-II gene expression revealed similar outcomes [ 123 ]. Furthermore, utilizing the green microalga, T. suecica, and A. platensis nanoparticles as the supplementary feeds for L. vannamei greatly increased the expression of both genes and improved growth [ 22 , 100 ].…”

“…Thus, both stress genes in this study are significantly upregulated in comparison to the control group, and the activities of the SOD and GPx increase together with an increase in superoxide anion (O 2 − ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), which may indicate increases in the activity of NADPH-oxidase and the production of a mass of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can represent as a defense mechanism against microbial infection [ 73 , 122 ]. Recent research has evaluated the expression of genes involved in immunity in shrimp [ 123 , 124 ] and has concentrated on ways to boost their natural defenses.…”

Unveiling the positive impact of biofloc culture on Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection of Pacific white shrimp by reducing quorum sensing and virulence gene expression and enhancing immunity

“…The results of Hassan et al. (2022) also demonstrate the ability of biofloc to enhance the gene expression of LGBP and PO in systems with different carbon sources compared to the control treatment. Furthermore, Kim et al.…”

“…This melanin-related activity is referred to as melanization (Amparyup et al, 2013). The results of Hassan et al (2022) also demonstrate the ability of biofloc to enhance the gene expression of LGBP and PO in systems with different carbon sources compared to the control treatment. Furthermore, Kim et al (2014), reported an increase in the expression of the SP gene in white shrimp postlarvae reared in biofloc systems.…”

Gene Expression Profiles of HSP70 and HSP90 Genes and Biochemical Responses in Juvenile Abalone, Haliotis diversicolor squamata in Response to Total Suspended Solids

“…Biofloc technology (BFT) has been widely applied worldwide to reduce environmental impact and the production cost through well manage heterogenous mixture of heterotrophic bacteria, macroalgae, food, faecal, remnants, exoskeletons, invertebrates into grown flocs and its ability to maintain good water quality [6,7] and disease resistance as a whole can increase the production of various aquaculture species such as shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and fish (Tilapia nilotica) [8,9]. Organic wastes from bioflocs of shrimp (L. vannamei) farming that are truncated to the surrounding waters after the harvesting periods may slightly affect the survival and physiological conditions of various gastropod species [10] as well as abalone cultivated in the coastal waters surrounding shrimp farming area by increasing turbidity that can affect water work.…”