Impact of Dietary Administration of Seaweed Polysaccharide on Growth, Microbial Abundance, and Growth and Immune-Related Genes Expression of The Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Abstract

This work aims to determine the impact of dietary supplementation of polysaccharide, extracted from brown seaweeds Sargassum dentifolium on growth indices, feed utilization, biochemical compositions, microbial abundance, expressions of growth and immunity-related genes, and stress genes of the Pacific Whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. A total of 360 post-larvae of L. vannamei were randomly distributed into a 12-glass aquarium (40 L of each) at a stocking density of 30 shrimp with an initial weight of (0.0017 ± 0.001 g). During the 90-day experiment trial, all shrimp larvae were fed their respective diets at 10% of total body weight, three times a day. Three experimental diets were prepared with different seaweed polysaccharide (SWP) levels. The basal control diet had no polysaccharide level (SWP0), while SWP1, SWP2, and SWP3 contained polysaccharides at concentrations of 1, 2, and 3 g kg−1 diet, respectively. Diets supplemented with polysaccharide levels showed significant improvements in weight gain and survival rate, compared to the control diet. Whole-body biochemical composition and the microbial abundance (the total count of heterotrophic bacteria and Vibrio spp.) of L. vannamei showed significant differences among polysaccharide-treated diets compared to the control. At the end of the feeding experiment, the dietary supplementation of polysaccharide levels enhanced the expression of growth-related genes (Insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I, IGF-II), immune-related genes (β -Glucan-binding protein (β-Bgp), Prophenoloxidase (ProPO), Lysozyme (Lys), and Crustin), and stress genes (Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the muscle tissue of L. vannamei. However, the current study concluded that the inclusion rate of 2 g kg–1 of polysaccharide as a dietary additive administration enhanced both weight gain and survival rate of L. vannamei, while the incorporation level of 3 g kg–1 reduces the abundance of pathogenic microbes and enhances the growth-, immunity- and stress-related gene expressions of L. vannamei.

Administration of Red Macroalgae (Galaxaura oblongata) in the Diet of the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Improved Immunity and Hepatic Gene Expression

“…Previous works with red and brown seaweeds reported an excellent nutritional composition, which may be a functional and cost-effective replacement for proteins, minerals, and vitamins [13,38]. In this regard, several publications have addressed the potency of different red and brown seaweed species to ameliorate the growth performance and feed revenue of several aquatic animal models [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. In addition, based on evidence, red algae contain higher PUFAs (n−3 (eicosapentaenoic acid) and n−6 (arachidonic acid)) than green algae and have a higher nutritional value than brown algae [13], which in turn may have growth promotion effects on aquatic animals.…”

Potensi Sargassum Sebagai Imunostimulan Pada Bidang Akuakultur (Review)

“…Polisarida ynag diekstrak dari Sargassum ialah alginate dan fukoida terbukti mampu meningkatkan system imun non spesifik, ekspresi gen pertumbuhan dan gen imun serta meningkatkan pertumbuhan bahkan hingga meningkatkan kelulushidupan organisme akuakultur (Muahiddah dan Sulystyaningsih, 2021;Muahiddah dan Diamahesa, 2022). Ada banyak jenis Sargassum yang dapat diestrak dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai imunostimulan seperti Sargassum sp, Sargassum detifolium dan Sargassum cristaefolium (Abbas et al, 2023;Assegaf, 2023;Sudaryono et al, 2018).…”

“…Polisakarida dari rumput laut memiliki nilai yang tinggi untuk meningkatkan performa pertumbuhan, respon imun system dan memilki banyak keunggulan untuk meningkatkan kesehatan pada organisme budidaya (Abbas et al, 2023). Alga coklat merupakan sumber imunostimulan karena mengandung bioaktif yang memproduksi metabolit sekunder dengan spektrum aktivitas yang luas dan dapat meningkatkan imun non-spesifik udang (Febriani et al, 2013).…”

“…Meningkatnya ekspresi gen pertumbuhan BGP, ProPo, Crustin dan Lys pada udang yang diberi ekstrak Sargassum dentifolium menunujukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan repon imun pada udang yang dapat membantu untuk mematikan penyakit dengan metode penghancuran benda asing atau penyakit dalam tubuh udang. Meningkatnya SOD dan GPX pada udang yang diberikan pakan ekstrak Sargassum dentifolium menunjukkan peningkatkatan aktivitas NADPH-oxidase yang bertujuan untuk melawan serangan mikroba (Abbas et al, 2023).…”

Peluang dan Tantangan Pengembangan Bioteknologi Melalui Pemanfaatan Makroalga Laut sebagai Imunostimulan dalam Mendukung Akuakultur Berkelanjutan

“…Salah satu studi lain yang relevan juga menemukan bahwa ekstrak rumput laut tertentu mampu meningkatkan aktivitas fagositosis dan produksi antibodi pada udang (Abdel-Latif et al, 2022;Citarasu et al, 2022). Selain itu, pemberian suplemen rumput laut pada pakan udang dapat meningkatkan aktivitas enzim antioksidan dan ekspresi gen imun terkait (Abbas et al, 2023;Rouhani et al, 2022).…”