Carbon Sinks in Mangroves and Their Implications to Carbon Budget of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems

Twilley, Robert R.; Chen, R. H.; Hargis, Thomas G.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-2793-6_15

Cited by 96 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 45 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Observed above-ground carbon reservoirs in the Urabá Gulf are within the range observed in the Tropics [10,11,49,56,57]. Compared to worldwide above-ground biomass data (as a proxy of carbon storage), mangroves in the Atrato River delta represent a significantly high reservoir, but Eastern Coast mangroves lay below the average (Tables 2 and 3; [48,49]).…”

Section: Estimated Biomass and Carbon Reservoirs As Influenced By Defmentioning

confidence: 65%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ecosystem-Wide Impacts of Deforestation in Mangroves: The Urabá Gulf (Colombian Caribbean) Case Study

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mangroves are ecologically important and extensive in the Neotropics, but they are visibly threatened by selective logging and conversion to pastures in the Southern Caribbean. The objective of this paper was to summarize the impacts of both threats on forest structure, species composition, aboveground biomass and carbon reservoir, species introgressions, and benthic fauna populations by collating past and current data and by using an interdisciplinary approach in the Urabá Gulf (Colombia) as a case study. Mangroves in the Eastern Coast have been decimated and have produced unskewed tree-diameter (DBH) distributions due to the overexploitation of Rhizophora mangle for poles (DBH range: 7-17 cm) and of Avicennia germinans for planks and pilings (DBH > 40 cm). Selective logging increased the importance value of the light-tolerant white mangrove Laguncularia racemosa, also increasing biomass and carbon storage in this species, thus offsetting reductions in other species. Introgressions (cryptic ecological degradation) by L. racemosa and Acrostichum aureum (mangrove fern) and low densities of otherwise dominant detritivore snails (Neritina virginea) were observed in periurban basin mangroves. Finally, basin mangroves were more threatened than fringing mangroves due to their proximity to expanding pastures, villages, and a coastal city.

show abstract

Section: Estimated Biomass and Carbon Reservoirs As Influenced By Defmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Mangrove biomass was traditionally appreciated as a major ecosystem good, but its importance in the coastal carbon budget has been recently highlighted [10,11,49,56,57]. It is intuitively accepted that deforestation depletes aboveground carbon reservoirs.…”

Section: Estimated Biomass and Carbon Reservoirs As Influenced By Defmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem-Wide Impacts of Deforestation in Mangroves: The Urabá Gulf (Colombian Caribbean) Case Study

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The rest of the harvest consists of a mix of other shrimps, mud crabs, and other aquaculture products (Vu et al 2013;Jonell and Henriksson 2014). The GHG emissions from mangrove LULUC from shrimp farming were subsequently estimated to be 184 t CO 2 -eq t −1 live shrimp at farm gate using mass allocation and 282 t CO 2 -eq t −1 live shrimp using economic allocation (see ESM 2 for details on the calculations and Twilley et al 1992;Eong 1993;Matsui 1998;Kauffman et al 2011;Donato et al 2011;Ray et al 2011;Donato et al 2012 b Komiyama et al 1987;Twilley et al 1992;Matsui 1998;Kauffman et al 2011;Ray et al 2011;Donato et al 2012c Eong 1993Matsui 1998;Kauffman et al 2011;Ray et al 2011;Donato et al 2012;Lundstrum and Chen 2014 d Twilley et al 1992;Amarasinghe and Balasubramaniam 1992;Eong 1993;Day et al 1996;Middleton and McKee 2001;Jennerjahn and Ittekkot 2004;Guzman et al 2005;Ray et al 2011 e Twilley et al 1992;Eong 1993;Duarte and Cabrián 1996;Chmura et al 2003;Alongi 2008;Sanders et al 2010;Ray et al 2011;Mcleod et al 2011 Rewetted land, previously vegetated by mangrove, salinity >18 ppm kg CH 4 ha −1 year −1 0 R a n g e=0 -40 (uniform) IPCC 2014 assumptions behind them). Noteworthy is that these LULUC emissions only apply to Bmixed mangrove concurren...…”

Section: Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Shrimp Farming Luluc Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mangrove forests are among the most productive tropical ecosystems in the world, with net annual production exceeding that of most terrestrial forests (Twilley et al 1992;Eong 1993;Kauffman et al 2011;Mcleod et al 2011). They have also been recognized for their importance in providing valuable ecosystem services (Rönnbäck 1999;Hong and Dao 2004;Bouillon et al 2008;Kristensen et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Including GHG emissions from mangrove forests LULUC in LCA: a case study on shrimp farming in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Järviö

Henriksson

Guinée

2017

Int J Life Cycle Assess

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose Mangrove forests have been recognized as important regulators of greenhouse gases (GHGs), yet the resulting land use and land-use change (LULUC) emissions have rarely been accounted for in life cycle assessment (LCA) studies. The present study therefore presents up-to-date estimates for GHG emissions from mangrove LULUC and applies them to a case study of shrimp farming in Vietnam. Methods To estimate the global warming impacts of mangrove LULUC, a combination of the International Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines, the Net Committed Emissions, and the Missed Potential Carbon Sink method were used. A literature review was then conducted to characterize the most critical parameters for calculating carbon losses, missed sequestration, methane fluxes, and dinitrogen monoxide emissions. Results and discussion Our estimated LUC emissions from mangrove deforestation resulted in 124 t CO 2 ha −1 year −1 , assuming IPCC's recommendations of 1 m of soil loss, and 96% carbon oxidation. In addition to this, 1.25 t of carbon would no longer be sequestered annually. Discounted over 20 years, this resulted in total LULUC emissions of 129 t CO 2 ha −1 year −1 (CV = 0.441, lognormal distribution (ln)). Shrimp farms in the Mekong Delta, however, can today operate for 50 years or more, but are 1.5 m deep (50% oxidation). In addition to this, Asian tiger shrimp farming in mixed mangrove concurrent farms (the only type of shrimp farm that resulted in mangrove deforestation since 2000 in our case study) resulted in 533 kg methane and 1.67 kg dinitrogen monoxide per hectare annually. Consequently, the LULUC GHG emissions resulted in 184 and 282 t CO 2 -eq t −1 live shrimp at farm gate, using mass and economic allocation, respectively. These GHG emissions are about an order of magnitude higher than from semi-intensive or intensive shrimp farming systems. Limitations in data quality and quantity also led us to quantify the uncertainties around our emission estimates, resulting in a CV of between 0.4 and 0.5. Conclusions Our results reinforce the urgency of conserving mangrove forests and the need to quantify uncertainties around LULUC emissions. It also questions mixed mangrove concurrent shrimp farming, where partial removal of mangrove forests is endorsed based upon the benefits of partial mangrove conservation and maintenance of certain ecosystem services. While we recognize that these activities limit the chances of complete removal, our estimates show that large GHG emissions from mangrove LULUC question the sustainability of this type of shrimp farming, especially since mixed mangrove farming only provide 5% of all farmed shrimp produced in Vietnam.

show abstract

“…Cepatnya kenaikan permukaan laut pada abad 21 juga telah disebut sebagai ancaman utama bagi mangrove, 14 yang telah berinteraksi dengan perubahan permukaan laut masa lampau dengan bergeser menuju ke darat atau ke hulu. 15 Walaupun mangrove diketahui memiliki kemampuan asimilasi dan laju penyerapan C yang tinggi, [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] ternyata data tentang simpanan karbon untuk keseluruhan ekosistem sangat sedikit, yaitu hanya data mengenai emisi C yang terkait dengan konversi lahan. Laporan tentang simpanan C untuk beberapa komponen terutama untuk biomassa pohon juga terbatas 17,18 namun fakta bahwa tanah mangrove yang dalam kaya kandungan organik [22][23][24][25] menunjukkan bahwa dalam estimasi tersebut sejumlah besar karbon keseluruhan ekosistem justru terlewatkan.…”

unclassified

Mangrove adalah salah satu hutan terkaya karbon di kawasan tropis

Donato¹,

Kauffman²,

Murdiyarso³

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Brief CIFOR memberi informasi mengenai topik terkini di bidang penelitian kehutanan secara ringkas, akurat, dan telah melalui proses pencermatan oleh mitra bestari. No 12, Februari 2012 www.cifor.orgDeforestasi dan perubahan tata guna lahan saat ini menyebabkan emisi karbondioksida (CO 2 ) sekitar 8-20% yang bersumber dari kegiatan manusia di tingkat global -menempati posisi kedua setelah pembakaran bahan bakar fosil. 7,8 Sebuah kesepakatan internasional mengenai iklim baru-baru ini menekankan pentingnya Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) sebagai kunci dan pilihan yang berbiaya relatif rendah untuk mitigasi perubahan iklim; strategi ini bertujuan untuk menjaga simpanan karbon (C) di darat melalui insentif finansial untuk melindungi hutan (misalnya, kredit karbon). REDD+ dan beberapa program serupa menuntut adanya pemantauan yang ketat atas simpanan dan emisi C, 8,9 yang menggarisbawahi pentingnya estimasi simpanan C secara tepat untuk berbagai tipe hutan, khususnya tipe-tipe yang memiliki cadangan C yang tinggi dan yang mengalami perubahan tata guna lahan yang tak terkendali. 10 Hutan lahan basah tropis (misalnya, lahan gambut) memiliki tanah organik sampai kedalaman beberapa meter dan merupakan salah satu penyimpan C organik terbesar di biosfer daratan. 11-13 Pandangan yang salah tentang nilai penting lahan gambut dalam kaitannya dengan pemanfaatan lahan dan perubahan iklim telah mendapatkan sorotan sejak 1997, ketika kebakaran gambut dikaitkan dengan kegiatan pembersihan lahan di Indonesia meningkatkan CO 2 atmosfer di Indonesia sebesar 13-40% di atas emisi bahan bakar fosil tahunan global. 11 Angka ini menunjukkan betapa pentingnya memberi perhatian khusus terhadap lahan gambut dalam strategi mitigasi perubahan iklim internasional. 7,13 Mangrove adalah salah satu hutan terkaya karbon di kawasan tropis Hutan mangrove terdapat di sepanjang garis pantai di kawasan tropis, dan menjadi pendukung berbagai jasa ekosistem, termasuk produksi perikanan dan siklus unsur hara. Namun luas hutan mangrove telah mengalami penurunan sampai 30-50% dalam setengah abad terakhir ini karena pembangunan daerah pesisir, perluasan pembangunan tambak dan penebangan yang berlebihan. 1-4 Besarnya emisi karbon akibat hilangnya mangrove masih belum diketahui dengan jelas, sebagian karena kurangnya data berskala besar tentang jumlah karbon yang tersimpan di dalam ekosistem ini, khususnya di bawah permukaan. 5 Dalam penelitian ini kami mengkuantifikasikan simpanan karbon di dalam ekosistem mangrove secara keseluruhan dengan mengukur biomassa pohon dan kayu mati, kandungan karbon tanah dan kedalaman tanah di 25 hutan mangrove di sepanjang kawasan Indo-Pasifik, yang membentang selebar 30° garis lintang dan sepanjang 73° garis bujur, di mana mangrovenya sangat luas dan beragam. 4,6 Data yang ada menunjukkan bahwa mangrove merupakan salah satu hutan terkaya karbon di kawasan tropis, yang mengandung sekitar 1023 Mg karbon per hektar. Tanah dengan kandungan organik tinggi memiliki kedalaman antara 0,5 m sampai dengan ...

show abstract

Carbon Sinks in Mangroves and Their Implications to Carbon Budget of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems

Cited by 96 publications

References 45 publications

Ecosystem-Wide Impacts of Deforestation in Mangroves: The Urabá Gulf (Colombian Caribbean) Case Study

Ecosystem-Wide Impacts of Deforestation in Mangroves: The Urabá Gulf (Colombian Caribbean) Case Study

Including GHG emissions from mangrove forests LULUC in LCA: a case study on shrimp farming in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Mangrove adalah salah satu hutan terkaya karbon di kawasan tropis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About