Carbon-nutrient stoichiometry to increase soil carbon sequestration

Kirkby, Clive A.; Richardson, Alan; Wade, Leonard; Batten, Graeme; Blanchard, Christopher L.; Kirkegaard, John A.

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.01.011

Cited by 288 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This is in agreement with evidence that SOM accrual in weathered soils is strongly limited by nutrient scarcity (Kirkby et al 2013). Increases in permanganateoxidizable C and a trend toward greater SOC with P fertilization are consistent with evidence that permanganateoxidizable C can be an early indicator of SOM accrual (Lucas and Weil 2012;Weil et al 2003) and is associated with management practices that promote SOM stabilization (Hurisso et al 2016).…”

Section: Benefits Of P Fertilization For Microbial and Enzymatic P Cysupporting

confidence: 88%

Biological P cycling is influenced by the form of P fertilizer in an Oxisol

et al. 2017

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Phosphate rock (PR) is an alternative fertilizer to increase the P content of P-deficient weathered soils. We evaluated the effects of fertilizer form on indicators of biological cycling of P using an on-farm trial on a Rhodic Kandiudox in western Kenya. Treatment plots were sampled after 13 cropping seasons of P applications as Minjingu phosphate rock (PR) or as triple super phosphate (TSP) (50 kg P ha −1 season −1 ), as well as a P-unfertilized control (0 kg P ha −1 season −1 ). Soils (0-15 and 15-30 cm) were analyzed for microbial biomass P (P mic ), activities of acid phosphomonoesterase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, and phosphodiesterase, and sequentially extractable P fractions. P additions as Minjingu PR yielded 299% greater P mic than TSP at 0-15-cm depth despite similar labile P concentrations in the two P fertilization treatments and stimulated activities of acid phosphomonoesterase (+39%). When added in the soluble form of TSP, a greater percentage of total soil P was present in mineral-bound forms (+33% Fe-and Al-associated P). Higher soil pH under Minjingu PR (pH 5.35) versus TSP (pH 5.02) and the P-unfertilized treatment (pH 4.69) at 0-15-cm depth reflected a liming effect of Minjingu PR. The form of P fertilizer can influence biological P cycling in weathered soils, potentially improving P availability under Minjingu PR relative to TSP via enhanced microbial biomass P and enzymatic drivers of P cycling.

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Section: Benefits Of P Fertilization For Microbial and Enzymatic P Cysupporting

confidence: 88%

Biological P cycling is influenced by the form of P fertilizer in an Oxisol

et al. 2017

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“…While supplementation with mineral N has previously been reported to improve the incorporation of plant residues to soils (Bird et al, 2003;Moran et al, 2005;Kirkby et al, 2013;Kirkby et al, 2014), our data showed that the addition of mineral N had a minor effect on C recovery from Eucalyptus residues ( Figure 1, Table 2). Mineral-N supplementation of N-poor residues can increase C recovery by improving the efficiency of microbial biomass production, decreasing losses of CO 2 -C, and, especially, by increasing deposition of microbial products and debris, which are the main sources of stable SOM associated with mineral particles (Craine et al, 2007;Grandy and Neff , 2008;Manzoni et al, 2008;Vogel et al, 2014).…”

contrasting

confidence: 44%

“…Thus, N availability controls the C-use efficiency of decomposers such that substrates with low initial C:N ratio increase efficiency, and N-poor substrates (high C:N) lead to a less-efficient use of C (Manzoni et al, 2008). The CO 2 -C loss from increased heterotrophic respiration under low C-use efficiency can be alleviated by high soil N supply (Craine et al, 2007), with consequent gains in organic C stabilization in SOM (Bird et al, 2003;Moran et al, 2005;Kirkby et al, 2013;Kirkby et al, 2014). An increase in C-use efficiency by microorganisms can favor the contributions of microbial residues to the SOM fractions associated with minerals (Cotrufo, 2013), assumed to be the fractions of greater stability in SOM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Mineral Nitrogen on Transfer of 13C-Carbon from Eucalyptus Harvest Residue Components to Soil Organic Matter Fractions

Demolinari

Sousa

Silva

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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ABSTRACT:The amount of harvest residues retained in Eucalyptus plantations strongly influences soil organic matter (SOM), but the efficiency of conversion to SOM may vary according to the type of residue. This study evaluated the recovery of C from Eucalyptus residue components -leaves, bark, branches, roots, and a mix of all residues -in different SOM fractions with or without mineral-N supplementation (200 mg kg -1 of N). Variation in natural 13 C abundance was used to trace the destination of residue-derived C in the soil.The C content of the light fraction (LF) and heavy fraction (HF) of SOM increased over a 240-days decomposition period in response to incorporation of Eucalyptus residues in the soil. Bark and leaf residues showed the best results. Bark residues increased the C content of the HF by 45 % over the initial condition. Leaf residues made the largest contribution to LF-C, increasing it by 8.6 times. Leaf residues also led to the highest N contents in the LF and HF, whereas branches, roots, and the mixture of residues caused significant net transfers of N from the HF. Mineral-N supplementation had no effect on stabilization of organic C in the HF of SOM, in which the C could be maintained for longer periods due to physical/colloidal protection against microbial decomposition. These results highlight the importance of keeping Eucalyptus harvest residues in the planted area, especially the bark, which is the most abundant harvest residue component under field conditions, for maintenance of SOM.

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“…A variety of biochemical, physical and chemical processes protect organic C from decomposition in soils, and knowledge of the resulting persistence of SOC pools/fractions in soil is vital in understanding their contribution to the global C cycle. Stabilisation of SOC in soil depends on numerous factors such as soil type, climate, substrate quality, input pathway and nutrient regime (Kätterer et al 2011;Kirkby et al 2013). In a mechanistic perspective, four major mechanisms may explain the stability of SOM in soil: (i) spatial inaccessibility of SOM to decomposers due to aggregation, (ii) recalcitrance due to the chemical structure, (iii) stabilisation of SOM by interaction with mineral surfaces and (iv) energetical limitation microbes to decompose organic matter (Mueller et al 2014;von Lützow et al 2006;Fontaine et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, N availability also influences plant C allocation to belowground organs, with more investment in belowground organs under N deficiency (Welbank et al 1973). Furthermore, N fertilisation is reported to increase soil C retention due to increased microbial use efficiency (Kirkby et al 2013;Kirkby et al 2014). Under N deficiency, decomposers have been shown to use fresh organic matter as an energy source for the break-up of more recalcitrant, but nutrient rich organic matter (Murphy et al 2015;Poeplau et al 2016a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of straw- and root-derived carbon in a Swedish agricultural soil

2017

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To maximise carbon (C) storage in soils, understanding the fate of C originating from aboveground and belowground residues and their interaction with fertiliser under field conditions is critically important. The use of 13 C natural abundance provides unique opportunities to separate both C sources. We investigated the effect of 16 years of C3 straw and C4 root input, with and without nitrogen (N) addition, on SOC stocks and C distribution in soil fractions in the long-term frame trial at Ultuna, Sweden. The straw C input was fixed at 1.77 Mg ha −1 year −1 , while the root input depended on maize plant growth, enabling studies on how N fertilisation affected (i) stabilisation of residues and (ii) plant C allocation to belowground organs. Four treatments were investigated: only maize roots (Control), maize roots with N (Control + N), maize roots and straw (Straw) and maize roots, straw and N (Straw + N). After 16 years, 5.6-8.9% of the total SOC stock in the 0-20 cm soil layer was maize-derived. In all four treatments, the relatively labile SOC fractions decreased, while the proportion of more refractory fractions increased. Based on allometric calculation of root inputs, retention of maize roots was 38, 26, 36 and 18% in the Control, Control + N, Straw and Straw + N treatments, respectively. The estimated retention coefficient of C3 straw in the Straw + N treatment was higher than that in the Straw-N treatment. We interpreted these results thus (1) roots were better stabilised in the soil than straw; (2) N fertilisation caused a shift in root to shoot ratio, with relatively more roots being present in Ndeficient soil; and (3) N fertilisation caused greater stabilisation of residues, presumably due to increased microbial C use efficiency.

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Carbon-nutrient stoichiometry to increase soil carbon sequestration

Cited by 288 publications

References 43 publications

Biological P cycling is influenced by the form of P fertilizer in an Oxisol

Biological P cycling is influenced by the form of P fertilizer in an Oxisol

Effect of Mineral Nitrogen on Transfer of 13C-Carbon from Eucalyptus Harvest Residue Components to Soil Organic Matter Fractions

Fate of straw- and root-derived carbon in a Swedish agricultural soil

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