Carbon nanotubes allow capture of krypton, barium and lead for multichannel biological X-ray fluorescence imaging

Serpell, Christopher J.; Rutte, Reida N.; Geraki, Kalotina; Pach, Elzbieta; Martinčić, Markus; Kierkowicz, Magdalena; Munari, Sonia De; Wals, Kim; Raj, Ritu; Ballesteros, Belén; Tobias, Gerard; Anthony, Daniel C.; Davis, Benjamin G.

doi:10.1038/ncomms13118

Cited by 43 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In 2016, Serpell et al engineered single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as contrast agents for multichannel biological XRF imaging . The SWCNTs were filled with a wide range of biologically absent elements (e.g., Pb, Ba, Kr, etc.)…”

Section: Featured Biomedical Applications Of X‐ray‐excited Deep Nanotmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breaking the Depth Dependence by Nanotechnology‐Enhanced X‐Ray‐Excited Deep Cancer Theranostics

et al. 2019

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treat cancer patients; however, it can cause severe systemic toxicity and immunesystem depression due to its nonspecific nature. [2][3][4] As a noninvasive therapeutic modality, radiotherapy (RT) with assistance from image guidance/positioning can be used to deliver X/γ-ray radiation to tumors. [5][6][7][8] This enables radiation oncologists to target malignant tissues for precise cancer therapy [9][10][11] while minimizing radiation dose delivered to surrounding normal tissues. However, RT efficacy can be attenuated by factors like salient hypoxia found in solid tumors. [12][13][14][15] Moreover, some cancer subtypes and cancer stem cells exhibit high resistance to X-ray radiation. [16] Consequently, the development of radiosensitizers that can sensitize hypoxic or radio-resistant tumors to X-ray radiation [17][18][19][20] has become an area of intense research.The emerging radiosensitizers can be classified into three groups: gasotransmitters (e.g., O 2 , NO, H 2 S, etc.), [21][22][23][24][25] anticancer drugs (e.g., paclitaxel (PTX), docetaxel (Dtxl), topotecan (TPT), etc.), [26][27][28] and high-Z elements (e.g., Au, Ba, Bi, Pt, W, etc.). [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] The gasotransmitters can mimic the radiosensitizing effect of oxygen and downregulate hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) expression, [23] while anticancer drugs can induce cancer cells to enter the G2/M phase which is the most radiation-sensitive cell-cycle phase. [36] High-Z elements are known for scattering one X-ray beam into several beams to concentrate more radiation on tumors for aggravated radiation damage. [37,38] This radiation dose-amplification effect is based on the Compton scattering mechanism. [39] All of these radiosensitizers are usually loaded or engineered into nanocarriers for tumor-specific delivery or by passive tumor accumulation via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. [40] Heretofore, a great number of nanomaterials have been synthesized to pave the way for high-performance radiosensitization for RT enhancement. [41][42][43][44] Despite the appreciable progress achieved in X-ray radiation sensitization/enhancement, RT as a monotherapy generally fails to eliminate the whole tumor as cancer cells can undergo DNA-repair and regrowth. [45,46] As such, current research is gradually shifting from RT monotherapy to X-rayexcited multimodal therapy. This means that two or more therapeutic modalities are simultaneously activated by X-ray to yield synchronous/synergistic anticancer effects. [47][48][49] For example, it has been shown that high-energy X-ray irradiation can triggerThe advancements in nanotechnology have created multifunctional nanomaterials aimed at enhancing diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy for cancer. However, the ability to target deep-seated tumors remains one of the most critical challenges for certain nanomedicine applications. To this end, X-ray-excited theranostic techniques provide a means of overcoming the limits of light penetration and tissue attenuation. Herein, a comprehe...

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Section: Featured Biomedical Applications Of X‐ray‐excited Deep Nanotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Featured Biomedical Applications Of X‐ray‐excited Deep Nanotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking the Depth Dependence by Nanotechnology‐Enhanced X‐Ray‐Excited Deep Cancer Theranostics

et al. 2019

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“…Moreover, the fluorescing target is arranged in a configuration orthogonal to the propagating direction of incident X-ray radiation. When primary radiation impinges upon the fluo-film, a paucity of X-ray radiation [11] emanates in the backward direction in the form of characteristic X-ray emission. As a result, the emission of nascent fluorescence radiation illuminates the backside of the sensor array.…”

Section: Principle Of Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Driven by such growing needs for ultrahigh-precision beam-monitoring devices, intensive R&D efforts were dedicated to developing hard/tender X-ray detectors capable of monitoring nanometre-size photon beams in situ. Apart from the pinpoint spatial sensitivity, the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) [11,12] technique was utilised, by design, for the semiconductor-based detector. Its initial applications are intended for downstream photon-intensive experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Customisable X-ray fluorescence photodetector with submicron sensitivity using a ring array of silicon p-i-n diodes

Yoon¹

2018

Sci Rep

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The research and development of silicon-based X-ray fluorescence detectors achieved its submicron sensitivity. Its initial use is intended for in-situ beam monitoring at advanced light-source facilities. The effectively functioning prototype fully leveraged technologies and techniques from a wide array of scientific disciplines: X-ray fluorescence technique, photon scattering and spectroscopy, astronomical photometry, semiconductor physics, materials science, microelectronics, analytical and numerical modelling, and high-performance computing. At the design stage, the systematic two-track approach was taken with the aim of attaining its submicron sensitivity: Firstly, the novel parametric method, devised for system-wide full optimisation, led to a considerable increase in detector’s total solid angle (0.9 steradian), or integrated field-of-view (~3000 deg2), thus, in turn, yielding a substantial enhancement of its photon-detection efficiency. Secondly, the minimisation of all types of limiting noise sources identified resulted in a boost to detector’s signal-to-noise ratio, thereby achieving its targeted range of sensitivity. The subsequent synchrotron-radiation experiment with this X-ray detector demonstrated its capability to respond to 8-keV photon beams with 600-nanometre sensitivity. This Article reports on the innovative and effective design methods, formulated for systematising the process of custom-building ultrasensitive photodetectors, and future directions.

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“…The cylindrical SWCNT possessing a large specific surface area and hollow interior could act as 'molecular straws' capable of absorbing dipolar molecules by capillary action [1]. Over the past decade, the self-assembled systems [2,3] relied on the special hollow structure of cylindrical SWCNTs, are an attractive class of new bio-inspired nanomaterial for biologists and material scientists, because the self-assembled materials may not only be designed to be highly dynamic, displaying adaptive and self-healing properties, but could also help gain an understanding of the rules that govern biomolecule assembly processes [4]. In the self-assembly process, the hollow interior of SWCNT can serve as nanometre-sized moulds and templates [5] to control the configuration of other materials, or as a protective layer [6] to prevent the filler from oxidation and shape fragmentation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Assembly of Graphene Nanoribbons Induced by the Carbon Nanotube

Li¹,

Li²,

Chen³

2017

Graphene Materials - Structure, Properties and Modifications

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In this chapter, a series of molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out to explore the self-assembly of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) induced by the single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Simulation results show that GNRs can insert and wrap SWCNTs spontaneously, forming helical configurations and maximizing the π-π stacking area between graphene and SWCNT. The helical configuration takes the least amount of energy and achieves the maximum occupancy. The size and function group of GNR and SWCNT should meet the required conditions to guarantee the self-assembly in insertion and wrapping processes. Several GNRs can spiral in an SWCNT simultaneously, and two formulas have come up in this study to estimate the quantity threshold for multiple GNR spiralling. The rolled GNRs can also spontaneously insert into SWCNTs, forming a DNA-like double helix, or collapsing to a linked double graphitic nanoribbon and wrapping in a helical manner around the tube.

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Carbon nanotubes allow capture of krypton, barium and lead for multichannel biological X-ray fluorescence imaging

Cited by 43 publications

References 66 publications

Breaking the Depth Dependence by Nanotechnology‐Enhanced X‐Ray‐Excited Deep Cancer Theranostics

Breaking the Depth Dependence by Nanotechnology‐Enhanced X‐Ray‐Excited Deep Cancer Theranostics

Customisable X-ray fluorescence photodetector with submicron sensitivity using a ring array of silicon p-i-n diodes

Self-Assembly of Graphene Nanoribbons Induced by the Carbon Nanotube

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