Carbon nanotube surface-induced crystallization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

Crúz-Delgado, Víctor J.; Ávila‐Orta, Carlos A.; Espinoza‐Martínez, Adriana B.; Mata-Padilla, José M.; Solís-Rosales, Silvia G.; Jalbout, Abraham F.; Medellín‐Rodríguez, F. J.; Hsiao, Benjamin S.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2013.12.029

Cited by 38 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…A value of 2.9 indicates a 2D disk shaped growth unit from sporadic nucleation sites. [27,38,[51][52][53] The value of n decreases as the cold crystallization temperature increases, or as the hot crystallization temperature decreases, this is most likely due to the increased kinetics at these temperatures (see decrease in t1/2 and increase in ln k), so the crystalline grow unit is less well formed (less perfect). This also correlates well with the SAXS data, where a randomly oriented lamellar crystalline structure develops.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, there are few studies monitoring the crystalline structure evolution of engineering polymer systems such as polyesters prepared via melt mixing with low concentrations of MWCNTs. Recently, Cruz-Delgado [27], described the non-isothermal crystallization for PET-MWCNT composites (bulk polymer melts up to 2% wt), where they suggest the PET chains wrap around and orient on the MWCNTs due to aromatic π-π interactions. The crystallization kinetics revealed a confined crystallization process giving rod or disc-like crystallites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The formation of a nanohybrid shish-kebab (NHSK) structure in melt-processed composites of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)

Heeley

Hughes

Crabb

et al. 2017

Polymer

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. (2017) The formation of a nanohybrid shish-kebab (NHSK) structure in meltprocessed composites of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Polymer, 117. pp. 208-219. Permanent WRAP URL:http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/87613 Copyright and reuse:The Warwick Research Archive Portal (WRAP) makes this work by researchers of the University of Warwick available open access under the following conditions. Copyright © and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable the material made available in WRAP has been checked for eligibility before being made available.Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the 'permanent WRAP URL' above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. KeywordsPolymer-MWCNT nanocomposites, crystalline morphology, kinetics, small-and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS), nanohybrid shish-kebab structure (NHSK) AbstractThe combination of synchrotron Small-and Wide-Angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS), and thermal analysis was used to follow the evolution of crystalline morphology and crystallization kinetics in a series of melt-processed composites of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The as-extruded PET-MWCNT composites underwent both hot and cold isothermal crystallizations where a final oriented nanohybrid shish-kebab (NHSK) crystalline structure was observed. An oriented NHSK structure was seen to persist even after melting and recrystallization of the composites.From the scattering data, we propose a model whereby the oriented MWCNTs act as heterogeneous nucleation surfaces (shish) and the polymer chains wrap around them and the crystallites (kebabs) grow epitaxially outwards during crystallization. However, depending on crystallization temperature, unoriented crystallites also grow in the polymer matrix, resulting in a combination of a NHSK and lamellar morphology. In contrast, the neat PET homopolymer showed the sporadic nucleation of a classic unoriented lamellar structure under the same isothermal crystallization conditions. These results provide a valuable insight into -2 -the distinctive modification of the crystalline morphology of melt-processed polymer-MWCNT composites prior to any secondary processing, having a significant impact on the use of MWCNTs as fillers in the processing and modification of the physical and mechanical properties of engineering polymers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The formation of a nanohybrid shish-kebab (NHSK) structure in melt-processed composites of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)

Heeley

Hughes

Crabb

et al. 2017

Polymer

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“…This is observed during thermal analysis as an increase in the crystallization temperature of the polymer, although, there is often no increase in melting temperature or change in glass transition temperature [11,[13][14][15][16][17]. Following the structure evolution in polymer-CNT composites during processing is not straightforward and requires techniques that allow timeresolved data acquisition ranging from less than a second to several minutes depending on the processing conditions.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the structure evolution in polymer-CNT composites during processing is not straightforward and requires techniques that allow timeresolved data acquisition ranging from less than a second to several minutes depending on the processing conditions. The isothermal crystallization of PET-CNT composites is often monitored using thermal, infrared and X-ray techniques which probe the crystallization kinetics, crystallinity, orientation/chain conformation and confinement of the host polymer [13][14][15][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure evolution in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) – Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite films during in-situ uniaxial deformation

Heeley

Hughes

Crabb

et al. 2016

Polymer

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Keywords: polymer multi-walled carbon nanotube composites; Small-and Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS/WAXS); crystalline morphology evolution, nucleating agents. ABSTRACTCombined small-and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS), mechanical and thermal techniques have been used to follow the morphology evolution in a series of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite films during quasi solidstate uniaxial deformation at low strain rates. Uniaxially deformed PET-MWCNT films displayed improved mechanical properties compared with unfilled PET films. SAXS/WAXS data revealed a well oriented lamellar structure for unfilled PET films. In contrast, the PET-

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“…R-PET displayed a semi-crystalline XRD pattern with well-defined reflection peaks at 2θ = 16.8°, 2θ = 22.9°, and 2θ = 26.3° corresponds to the (0 1 0), (1 1 0), and (1 0 0) planes which relates to a triclinic unit cell. [25] The XRD patterns of the NC samples demonstrated narrow crystalline peaks, which are typical of R-PET. polymer matrix.…”

Section: Functionalization Of Mwcntsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Manufacture and characterization of nanocomposite materials obtained from incorporation ofd-glucose functionalized MWCNTs into the recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Mallakpour

Behranvand

2016

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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Plastics make considerable amount of solid waste in the worldwide corresponding to their use in many fields of our lives like construction, packaging, building, and so on. The manufacture of fuelderived plastics is often dangerous to the environment; so, available waste administration systems including energy recovery operations and/or recycling are essential to solve this huge pollution. In this study, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) bottle waste as considerable part of the total plastic waste bulk was recycled and white and fine-recycled PET powders (R-PET) were formed. The obtained R-PET showed semi-crystalline structure according to X-ray diffraction analysis. Then, the effect of functionalized multi-walled CNTs with D-glucose was investigated on R-PET properties. Transmission electron microscopy exhibited good dispersion of MWCNTs-Gl in the R-PET matrix. MWCNT-Gl as a nucleating agent increased the crystallization degree of R-PET.

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Carbon nanotube surface-induced crystallization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

Cited by 38 publications

References 69 publications

The formation of a nanohybrid shish-kebab (NHSK) structure in melt-processed composites of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)

The formation of a nanohybrid shish-kebab (NHSK) structure in melt-processed composites of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)

Structure evolution in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) – Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite films during in-situ uniaxial deformation

Manufacture and characterization of nanocomposite materials obtained from incorporation ofd-glucose functionalized MWCNTs into the recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate)

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