Carbon nanotube bundles with tensile strength over 80 GPa

Bai, Yunxiang; Wei, Fei; Ye, Xuan; Zhu, Zhenxing; Xie, Huanhuan; Shen, Boyuan; Cai, Dali; Liu, Bofei; Zhao, Jia; Zhang, Shenli; Li, Xide

doi:10.1038/s41565-018-0141-z

Cited by 342 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Modern manufacturing has a pressing need for lightweight yet strong structural materials in transportation, civil engineering, construction, automotive applications, and aerospace. To meet these needs, scientists and engineers have developed a range of remarkable materials with excellent mechanical properties, such as those based on petroleum products (e.g., carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, and graphene), ceramics, as well as metals and alloys . However, most synthetic strong materials require complex and high‐cost manufacturing processes (e.g., carbon fibers), generate adverse environmental impacts (e.g., steels, alloys), or are too heavy for many applications.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Strong, Tough, and Scalable Structural Material from Fast‐Growing Bamboo

et al. 2020

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Lightweight structural materials with high strength are desirable for advanced applications in transportation, construction, automotive, and aerospace. Bamboo is one of the fastest growing plants with a peak growth rate up to 100 cm per day. Here, a simple and effective top‐down approach is designed for processing natural bamboo into a lightweight yet strong bulk structural material with a record high tensile strength of ≈1 GPa and toughness of 9.74 MJ m−3. More specifically, bamboo is densified by the partial removal of its lignin and hemicellulose, followed by hot‐pressing. Long, aligned cellulose nanofibrils with dramatically increased hydrogen bonds and largely reduced structural defects in the densified bamboo structure contribute to its high mechanical tensile strength, flexural strength, and toughness. The low density of lignocellulose in the densified bamboo leads to a specific strength of 777 MPa cm3 g−1, which is significantly greater than other reported bamboo materials and most structural materials (e.g., natural polymers, plastics, steels, and alloys). This work demonstrates a potential large‐scale production of lightweight, strong bulk structural materials from abundant, fast‐growing, and sustainable bamboo.

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confidence: 99%

A Strong, Tough, and Scalable Structural Material from Fast‐Growing Bamboo

et al. 2020

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“…The mechanical properties of the HPGM are compared with typical carbon materials, as plotted in Figure j. Because of the strong carbon–carbon bonds, the intrinsic strength of both sp 3 bonded diamond and sp 2 bonded graphene is extremely high, as represented by the near 100 GPa strength of individual diamond nanowires, graphene monolayers,[1a‐c,22] graphene oxide sheets,[1d,23] and carbon nanotubes . Besides the individual nanostructures, various kinds of 3D graphene monoliths have been fabricated, with the mechanical properties largely scaling with the packing density .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Nanoporous Graphene Networks

Tang

Ren

Zhang

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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It is essential to understand the size scaling effects on the mechanical properties of graphene networks to realize the potential mechanical applications of graphene assemblies. Here, a "highly dense-yet-nanoporous graphene monolith (HPGM)" is used as a model material of graphene networks to investigate the dependence of mechanical properties on the intrinsic interplanar interactions and the extrinsic specimen size effects. The interactions between graphene sheets could be enhanced by heat treatment and the plastic HPGM is transformed into a highly elastic network. A strong size effect is revealed by in situ compression of micro-and nanopillars inside electron microscopes. Both the modulus and strength are drastically increased as the specimen size reduces to ≈100 nm, because of the reduced weak links in a small volume. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the deformation mechanism involving slip-stick sliding, bending, buckling of graphene sheets, collapsing, and densification of graphene cells. In addition, a size-dependent brittle-to-ductile transition of the HPGM nanopillars is discovered and understood by the competition between volumetric deformation energy and critical dilation energy.

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“…To answer the question whether the twist is necessary, Zhao et al compared the mechanical properties between the twisted and untwisted forest‐spun fibers, and found that a straight assembly, where the CNTs are aligned and parallel to the fiber axis, can maintain a nearly unchanged tensile property with increasing the fiber size. At the same time, Bai et al used a synchronous tightening and relaxing strategy to assemble several to more than ten individual CNTs into a straight bundle. Due to the sufficient relaxation, the different initial strains on the CNTs can be released, and thus the final bundle can respond to the external strain or bear the loading synchronously.…”

Section: Structure and Fundamental Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Mechanical and Conductive Properties of Carbon Nanotube Fibers for Smart Electronics

et al. 2019

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The development of fiber‐based smart electronics has provoked increasing demand for high‐performance and multifunctional fiber materials. Carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers, the 1D macroassembly of CNTs, have extensively been utilized to construct wearable electronics due to their unique integration of high porosity/surface area, desirable mechanical/physical properties, and extraordinary structural flexibility, as well as their novel corrosion/oxidation resistivity. To take full advantage of CNT fibers, it is essential to understand their mechanical and conductive properties. Herein, the recent progress regarding the intrinsic structure–property relationship of CNT fibers, as well as the strategies of enhancing their mechanical and conductive properties are briefly summarized, providing helpful guidance for scouting ideally structured CNT fibers for specific flexible electronic applications.

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Carbon nanotube bundles with tensile strength over 80 GPa

Cited by 342 publications

References 47 publications

A Strong, Tough, and Scalable Structural Material from Fast‐Growing Bamboo

A Strong, Tough, and Scalable Structural Material from Fast‐Growing Bamboo

Size Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Nanoporous Graphene Networks

Understanding the Mechanical and Conductive Properties of Carbon Nanotube Fibers for Smart Electronics

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