Carbon Nanotube and Its Derived Nanomaterials Based High Performance Biosensing Platform

Abstract

After the COVID-19 pandemic, the development of an accurate diagnosis and monitoring of diseases became a more important issue. In order to fabricate high-performance and sensitive biosensors, many researchers and scientists have used many kinds of nanomaterials such as metal nanoparticles (NPs), metal oxide NPs, quantum dots (QDs), and carbon nanomaterials including graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Among them, CNTs have been considered important biosensing channel candidates due to their excellent physical properties such as high electrical conductivity, strong mechanical properties, plasmonic properties, and so on. Thus, in this review, CNT-based biosensing systems are introduced and various sensing approaches such as electrochemical, optical, and electrical methods are reported. Moreover, such biosensing platforms showed excellent sensitivity and high selectivity against not only viruses but also virus DNA structures. So, based on the amazing potential of CNTs-based biosensing systems, healthcare and public health can be significantly improved.

Modern Electrochemical Biosensing Based on Nucleic Acids and Carbon Nanomaterials

“…An important advantage of 2D carbon nanomaterials (nanotubes) is their very high aspect ratio, i.e., length-to-width ratio, as well as the anisotropy of their properties, including electrochemical and conductivity properties that depend on the structure and type (single-walled CNTs—semiconductors; multi-walled CNTs—conductors) [ 111 , 112 ]. An interesting example of the application of the sensory properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes is the design of a disposable biosensor-type chemiresistor for the detection of the avian influenza virus H5N1 described by Fu et al [ 113 ].…”

“…We expect that in the near future, scientific efforts in the field of upgrading and developing of nanomaterial-based biosensors will be focused on the further miniaturization of entire sensing platforms and their implementation in microfluidic systems for a point-of-care bioanalysis [ 146 ]. High-throughput screening by means of electrode arrays and ensuring high specificity and sensitivity for detecting extremely small volumes without significantly perturbing the sample are still challenges faced by modern electrochemical biosensors [ 111 , 118 ]. An interesting remedy in this regard may become planar multisensory platforms, e.g., obtained with printing techniques using flexible substrates and pastes based on carbon nanomaterials as a material for wearable electrodes fabrication [ 147 , 148 ].…”

Engineering of Hydrogenated (6,0) Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube under Applied Uniaxial Stress: A DFT-1/2 and Molecular Dynamics Study

“…Certain types of CNTs can be internally filled with various chemicals and biochemicals with sizes ranging from small molecules to large proteins. Having the capability to carry multiple therapeutic moieties or other functional molecules, CNTs helps in probing, imaging, and targeting at specific sites. − …”

“…Having the capability to carry multiple therapeutic moieties or other functional molecules, CNTs helps in probing, imaging, and targeting at specific sites. 40 − 42 …”

Improving Bond Performance and Reducing Cross-Linker Dosage of Soy Protein Adhesive via Hyper-Branched and Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Structures

“…Graphene oxide (GO) is often selected as an inorganic nano-filler due to its superior Young’s modulus, excellent thermal stability, high mechanical strength and flexibility, and a variety of other beneficial properties [ 28 , 29 , 30 ], which theoretically improve the overall performance of SPIAs. However, GO is not easy to use to reinforce wood adhesives due to its large surface area, high surface energy, and strong van der Waals interactions, which lead to poor dispersion and easy aggregation in the adhesive system [ 31 , 32 ]. Further, due to the weak interaction between the GO and the adhesive matrix, once the stress increases to a certain threshold, interface slippage limits the mechanical properties.…”