Carbon nanotube- and graphene-based advanced membrane materials for desalination

Polymeric composite materials for radiation shielding: a review

“…Another aspect that signifies the use of nanoparticles as additives to the polymer matrix is that the loading requirements are quite low compared to others. Various types of inorganic nanomaterials such as zeolite, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, and silicon dioxide were used with nanoclay materials to manufacture nanocomposite membrane which is effective in removing salts and minerals from seawater by process called desalination (Hebbar et al 2017). Moreover, intensive recent studies focus on the evidence of low toxicity of mostly used nanoparticles such as copper, silver, and titania nanoparticles which were found to be having low toxicity in various natural media when to subjected oxic/anoxic suspension, and incubation with natural organic matter (Mulenos George et al 2020).…”

Salinity Stress Mitigation Using Encapsulated Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture

“…Carbon nanomaterial application in ion removal and desalination is a newly trending application due to its low cost and efficient results [51]. Their negative charge as well as porosity can be useful in removing positive ions like sodium [51].…”

“…Carbon nanomaterial application in ion removal and desalination is a newly trending application due to its low cost and efficient results [51]. Their negative charge as well as porosity can be useful in removing positive ions like sodium [51]. However, with the application of a combination of microbial cells with nanomaterials in one capsule, one should consider the effect of this combination on the photosynthetic activity of Cyanothece sp.…”

High Performance Hybrid Graphene Nano Filters as a Total dissolved solid remover

“…FABRICATION GO is a single-layered material made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen molecules, which eventually becomes reasonably affordable yet plentiful [8]. With the development in research in separation of graphene oxide, we can now use this carbon based material in synergism with many other capable membranes, extensive findings suggest inorganic membrane used in synergism with graphene oxide shows improved efficiency and reduction in cost of production of separation membranes [9] produced a fabricated graphene oxide with nanocomposite polyacrylonitrile to increase the thickness of graphene oxide to achieve less water flux based on the assumption of increased mass transfer resistance eventually creating a novel nano fiber mat of graphene oxide polyacrylonitrile membrane, but according to non-ideal fluid dynamics based on Hagen-Poiseuille theory, the flow of the fluid is directly depended on the number of physical factors: the viscosity (n) of the passing fluid, the radii (r) of the graphene oxide porous, also [10] suggest a new concept of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity sections of graphene oxide nanosheet they called this hydrophilicity gates as a defective sections of graphene oxide nanosheet this theory was supported by [3] which mentions graphene oxide is the mere structure of carbon wall existing as a 2D sheet consisting of a gap between layers of carbon atoms these gaps were named as a channel through which fluid passes contains hydrophilic gates where fluid slips into, due to hydrophobicity of carbon wall responsible for higher water flux, however [11] showed it experimentally that the Graphene oxide net thickness reached 34nm and calculated maxm water flux around (8.2 L.m-2-h-1-bar-1) which is (1.6) times more than the graphene oxide film of 33nm with the calculated water flux around (5.0 L.m-2-h-1.bar-1) clearly explaining higher water flux of previous Graphene Oxide sheets phase inversion is another method to prepare high performance filtration membrane used by [12] to increase hydrophilicity by mixing novel poly-ether sulfone (PES) with graphene oxide nanosheet further addition of casting solution increased flexibility of the nanocomposite the final findings where that the graphene oxide in Synergism with novel poly-ether sulfone (PES) performed much efficiently with more dye removing capability and more reproducibility throughout the filtration with pursuing of refinements in the field of separation membrane for water treatment and quality up gradation, graphene based synergistic nanocomposite has a great potential of research selected two nanoparticles reduced Graphene oxide and silver based nanoparticles to enhance hydrophilicity gates, and expansion of graphene oxide 2D channel influencing water flux resulting in a 200 percent surge from the previous versions of nanosheet i.…”