Carbon nanomaterials synthesized by arc discharge hot plasma

Su, Yanjie; Zhang, Yafei

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2014.11.023

Cited by 71 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…It is possible to observe in Figure 10 that as the potential scan rate decreases the specific capacitance increase due to the increase of the available surface area rising under limited ion diffusion. As can be seen in Table 3, the C S values obtained in acid medium are approximately 3 times greater than in alkaline electrolyte due to the smaller effective thickness of hydrate shells around HSO 4 -anions compared with the ones around OH -anions. 72 The highest C S value was obtained for CMFe in acidic medium, 59 F g -1 (Table 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Thus, the redox reactions are more likely to be present in CMNi and CMCo samples while the C-OH groups in CMFe might interact with H + ions without promoting electron transference. The specific capacitance values (C S ) for the obtained CM materials were calculated by the equation: (4) where i, ΔE and m are the capacitive current, the potential range and the CM mass deposited on the electrode surface, respectively. It is possible to observe in Figure 10 that as the potential scan rate decreases the specific capacitance increase due to the increase of the available surface area rising under limited ion diffusion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As discussed for the PSD curves obtained from nitrogen gas sorption experiments, CMFe presented the highest C S value observed in H 2 SO 4 , compared to CMNi and CMCo. In this case, the electrolyte solvate, the SO 4 2-ion, can easily access the CMFe mesopores. The lower C S value observed for CMNi, compared to CMFe, was due to the presence of only micropores in its structure, which are not accessible for electrolyte ions, despite its large surface area.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different physical methods have been used to prepare carbon nanomaterials such as laser ablation, 1,2 arch discharge 3,4 and combustion. 5,6 Thermal decomposition of organic and organometallic precursors [7][8][9] has been presented as a viable alternative to physical methods which use harsh synthesis conditions and yield small amount of products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct Synthesis of Porous Carbon Materials Prepared from Diethyldithiocarbamate Metal Complexes and Their Electrochemical Behavior

Silva

Porto

Caliman

et al. 2018

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Porous carbon materials were prepared at low temperatures via thermal decomposition of iron, nickel and cobalt N,N-diethyldithiocarbamates (DDT). X-ray diffraction data showed two peaks at 2θ (25.5° and 43.5°) that indicate the presence of graphite-like structures. Raman spectra displayed D and G bands in the range from 1312 to 1321 cm -1 and 1587 to 1593 cm -1 , respectively, which were fitted with 4 components. All spectra showed two low intensity D* (1190 cm ) bands, assigned to sp 2 -sp 3 bonds in disordered carbonaceous materials and amorphous carbon, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy images showed agglomerates of spherical particles formed by graphitic segments. The results showed that the carbon material obtained from iron N, N-diethyldithiocarbamate, Fe(DDT) 3 , is structurally better organized than the others and the pore size distribution curves confirmed that this material presents high degree of mesoporosity. Voltammetric curves obtained using KOH and H 2 SO 4 electrolytes showed hysteresis behavior typical of capacitors charge/discharge process. The carbon material prepared from Fe(DDT) 3 displayed the highest specific capacitance in acidic media, 59 F g -1 , which was associated to its high degree of mesoporosity. Keywords: carbon materials, diethyldithiocarbamate complexes, electrochemical application IntroductionDifferent physical methods have been used to prepare carbon nanomaterials such as laser ablation, 1,2 arch discharge 3,4 and combustion. 5,6 Thermal decomposition of organic and organometallic precursors [7][8][9] has been presented as a viable alternative to physical methods which use harsh synthesis conditions and yield small amount of products. Different carbon-rich precursors are used to obtain these carbon nanostructures, which can be transformed into graphitic carbon materials of different sizes and shapes. Among these organic precursors, alkynes olygoine derivatives are good candidates due to their high chemical instability, which allows them to undergo different chemical reactions. 10 Various carbon precursors such as benzene, 11 sucrose 12 and phenol resin, 13 are also suitable for the synthesis of carbon materials. Similarly, the pyrolysis of organometallic precursors, such as cobalt acetylacetonate, 14 also yields carbon nanostructures presenting good electrochemical performance which depends on surface area as well as the porosity of these structures. The major problem associated with the method described above is the presence of encapsulated metals.Porous carbon materials are excellent candidates for electrodes in supercapacitors. 15,16 For these materials pore accessibility plays a significant role in the charge storage and the specific capacitance reaches a maximum value when the pore size matches the maximum electrolyte ion dimension. 17 For carbon nanomaterials the surface areas range from 300 to 600 m 2 g -1 and are responsible for electrolyte wetting and rapid ionic motions necessary for da Silva et al. 1905 Vol. 29, No. 9, 2018 a satisfactory electroc...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Direct Synthesis of Porous Carbon Materials Prepared from Diethyldithiocarbamate Metal Complexes and Their Electrochemical Behavior

Silva

Porto

Caliman

et al. 2018

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…CNTs have attracted great attention due to the demands of nanotechnology, conservation and storage energies, and large nanosensors. CNTs have been produced effectively by arc-discharge methods at atmospheric pressure using a gas mixture and are essential for producing high density Carbon species [3]. The degree of purity of ionization is very important to be observed in forming CNTs, especially ionization products with high purity Carbon species in generating CNT density in their structural and geometric diversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of Axially Tension Cold Formed Steel Channel Members

Apriani

Lubis

Angraini

2017

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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:This paper investigates the breakdown voltage of Carbon ionised affected by butane and air gas impurities at slightly atmospheric pressure. The ionization process is conducted by electrical discharge using graphite electrode with the gap in millimeter scale to generate plasma by the direct current voltage less than 3.5kV. The experimental results show the breakdown voltage and current of plasma. Carbon plasma density and temperature are calculated from the current and voltage. These results show the ionization of air at slightly low pressure having a maximum voltage of 570V. The breakdown voltage and current are respectively 530-570V and 0.27 to 0.45mA. At high pressure it has a maximum voltage of 1160 V, the voltage and the current breakdown are respectively 900-1100V and 0.46 to 0.6 mA. When gas impurities are injected at slightly low pressure, it has maximum voltage of 772V, the breakdown voltage is 536-775V and the current is 0.03 to 0.45mA, whereas at high pressure it has a maximum voltage of 1044V, the breakdown voltage is 675-105 V and the current is 0.03 to 0.69mA. The results are interesting phenomena and can also be applied to develop a level of purity of Carbon Nano Tube formation at the cathode end of the effects of the density and temperature of the plasma generated.

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