Carbon nanomaterials and their composites for electrochemical glucose biosensors: A review on fabrication and sensing properties

Gupta, Shivam; Tai, Nyan‐Hwa

doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104957

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 405 publications

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The immobilization method plays a critical role in the fabrication of the biosensor, as GOx should be capable of preserving its catalytic activity during the use of the biosensor [8,9]. Furthermore, the immobilization support should not interfere with the enzyme and should demonstrate faster response time acting as signal transducers [10,11]. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are cylindrical structures made of graphene sheets presenting different characteristics such as length, diameter, and number of layers, and they are categorized into single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Structure-Function Studies of Glucose Oxidase in the Presence of Carbon Nanotubes and Bio-Graphene for the Development of Electrochemical Glucose Biosensors

Alatzoglou,

Tzianni,

Patila

et al. 2023

Nanomaterials

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In this work, we investigated the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and bio-graphene (bG) on the structure and activity of glucose oxidase (GOx), as well as on the performance of the respective electrochemical glucose biosensors. Various spectroscopic techniques were applied to evaluate conformational changes in GOx molecules induced by the presence of MWCNTs and bG. The results showed that MWCNTs induced changes in the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) prosthetic group of GOx, and the tryptophan residues were exposed to a more hydrophobic environment. Moreover, MWCNTs caused protein unfolding and conversion of α-helix to β-sheet structure, whereas bG did not affect the secondary and tertiary structure of GOx. The effect of the structural changes was mirrored by a decrease in the activity of GOx (7%) in the presence of MWCNTs, whereas the enzyme preserved its activity in the presence of bG. The beneficial properties of bG over MWCNTs on GOx activity were further supported by electrochemical data at two glucose biosensors based on GOx entrapped in chitosan gel in the presence of bG or MWCNTs. bG-based biosensors exhibited a 1.33-fold increased sensitivity and improved reproducibility for determining glucose over the sweat-relevant concentration range of glucose.

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