Carbon monosulfide: a review

Moltzen, Ejner K.; Klabunde, Kenneth J.; Senning, Alexander

doi:10.1021/cr00084a003

Cited by 112 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Carbon sulfide is stable (e.g. against photolysis) in the gas phase, but is a highly reactive species that polymerises on walls during laboratory experiments (Moltzen et al 1988) and therefore has no measurable vapour pressure. Thus, while it does not "condense" in the traditional sense, CS can probably easily stick to aerosol surfaces or otherwise cluster together to form CS polymers; heterogeneous reactions on grain surfaces may also convert some of the CS to H 2 CS or to CH 3 CS via hydrogenation (J.-C. Loison, priv.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of CS in Neptune’s atmosphere from ALMA observations

Moreno

Lellouch

Cavalié

et al. 2017

A&A

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Context. The large and vertically non-uniform abundance of CO in Neptune's atmosphere has been interpreted as the result of past cometary impact(s), either single or distributed in size and time, which could also be at the origin of Neptune's HCN. Aims. We aim to provide observational support for this scenario by searching for other comet-induced species, in particular carbon sulfide (CS) which has been observed continuously in Jupiter since the 1994 Shoemaker-Levy 9 impacts. Methods. In April 2016 we used the ALMA interferometer to search for CS(7-6) at 342.883 GHz in Neptune. Results. We report on the detection of CS in Neptune's atmosphere, the first unambiguous observation of a sulfur-bearing species in a giant planet beyond Jupiter. Carbon sulfide appears to be present only at submillibar levels, with a column density of (2.0-3.1) × 10 12 cm −2 , and a typical mixing ratio of (2−20) × 10 −11 that depends on its precise vertical location. The favoured origin of CS is deposition by a putative large comet impact several centuries ago, and the strong depletion of CS with respect to CO -compared to the Jupiter case -is likely due to the CS sticking to aerosols or clustering to form polymers in Neptune's lower stratosphere. Conclusions. The CS detection, along with recent analyses of the CO profile, reinforces the presumption of a large comet impact into Neptune ∼1000 yr ago, that delivered CO, CS, and HCN at the same time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of CS in Neptune’s atmosphere from ALMA observations

Moreno

Lellouch

Cavalié

et al. 2017

A&A

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“…If we consider that the SH + CS reaction has no barrier by comparison with the OH + CS reaction, we find that CS 2 is produced efficiently by SH + CS → CS 2 + H k(T) = 2.0 × 10 −10 cm 3 s −1 (Rice & Chabalowski 1994;Loison et al 2012 − − → CS + S( 3 P) (Yang et al 1980;Moltzen et al 1988) and then to SH production through the reaction S( 1 D) + CH 4 → SH + CH 3 k(T) = 1.7 × 10 −10 cm 3 s −1 (Black & Jusinski 1985). Consequently, the SH abundance reaches a maximum around 300 km (in contrast to the OH abundance).…”

Section: Sulfur Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Above 600 km, CS is a relatively non-reactive species. Indeed, CS has similar properties and structure to CO. CS is seen to polymerize spontaneously through wall reactions (Moltzen et al 1988;Wollrab & Rasmussen 1973) but does not polymerize in the gas phase. Moreover, CS does not react with the main molecules and radicals present above 600 km.…”

Section: Sulfur Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of infalling sulfur species in Titan’s atmosphere

Hickson¹,

Loison²,

Cavalié³

et al. 2014

A&A

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Aims. We studied the hypothesis that micrometeorites and Enceladus' plume activity could carry sulfur-bearing species into the upper atmosphere of Titan, in a manner similar to oxygen-bearing species. Methods. We have developed a detailed photochemical model of sulfur compounds in the atmosphere of Titan that couples hydrocarbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur chemistries. Results. Photochemical processes produce mainly CS and H 2 CS in the upper atmosphere of Titan and C 3 S, H 2 S and CH 3 SH in the lower atmosphere. Mole fractions of these compounds depend significantly on the source of sulfur species. Conclusions. A possible future detection of CS (or the determination of a low upper limit) could be used to distinguish the two scenarios for the origin of sulfur species, which then could help to differentiate the various scenarios for the origin of H 2 O, CO, and CO 2 in the stratosphere of Titan.

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“…Carbon monosulfide are known as the metastable intermediated phase. 37 When second phosphorus or sulfur atoms were introduced (Figure 5b), the bond lengths were increased slightly to form a chain with carbon atom in the center instead of a triangular structure. Carbon−carbon bond lengths in Figure 5c show that the phosphorus atom pulls the electron of the carbon atom in the middle more than the sulfur atom, so the carbon−phosphorus interaction is a strong one.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Phosphorus Included Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes by Pyrolysis of Sucrose

et al. 2013

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Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were synthesized by a pyrolysis route which involves a dehydration step using phosphoric acid. The resultants were found to be mostly containing amorphous carbon with scattered MWCNTs using scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy techniques. These MWCNTs were smaller in size and limited in quantity compared to the ones synthesized using other common precursors. Energy dispersive X-ray and electron energy loss spectroscopy analysis indicated the presence of phosphorus both at the MWCNT sidewalls and in the catalyst particles encapsulated inside the MWCNTs. In addition, a comparative investigation for sulfur and phosphorus inclusion to the sidewalls of MWCNTs was carried out using density functional theory calculations. The results of the computational study showed that both phosphorus and sulfur atoms prefer to bind among themselves rather than adsorbing directly on carbon nanotubes (CNT). Furthermore, cluster calculations revealed that phosphorus atoms more likely form carbonaceous clusters which result in a decrease in the number of free carbon atoms that can be used for CNT formation. Therefore, we concluded that MWCNT growth might be hindered (promoted) in a phosphorus (sulfur) rich environment which results in needle like phosphorus containing MWCNTs.

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Carbon monosulfide: a review

Cited by 112 publications

References 22 publications

Detection of CS in Neptune’s atmosphere from ALMA observations

Detection of CS in Neptune’s atmosphere from ALMA observations

The evolution of infalling sulfur species in Titan’s atmosphere

Synthesis of Phosphorus Included Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes by Pyrolysis of Sucrose

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