Carbon isotopes in soils and palaeosols as ecology and palaeoecology indicators

Cerling, Thure E.; Quade, Jay; Wang, Y.; Bowman, John R.

doi:10.1038/341138a0

Cited by 526 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Agreement with a 13.5 to 17%,, range of difference between pedogenic carbonate and organic 8^^C values found in modern soils (e.g., Cerling et al, 1989; see also Table 2) indicates that the material analyzed from Bed I has not undergone diagenesis. The difference between 8 C values for paired carbonate and occluded organic carbon preserved within the CaCOa nodules, ranges between 13.8 and 16.5%(• averaging 15.0 ± 1.2%^ for four paleosols (Table 2).…”

Section: Formation and Diagenesissupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Pedogenic carbonate precipitated in equilibrium with soil CO2 beneath 100% C4 vegetation is recorded in 8^ C values ranging from +1 to +4%^, and from •12 to •9%^ beneath pure C3 biomass (Cerling, 1984;Cerling et al, 1989;Cerling and Quade, 1993). The spread in pedogenic carbonate S C values for pure C3 or C4 vegetation end-members reflects the variation of the equilibrium fractionation factor with temperature of precipitation in addition to a minimum enrichment of +4.4%o during upward diffusion of CO2 from the soil.…”

Section: Soil Stable Isotope Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pedogenic carbonate formed in equilibrium with soil-respired CO2 is typically enriched in ^^C by 13.5 to 17%,, over that of the respiring plants, as well as that of decomposing soil organic carbon and related soil organic matter (Cerling, 1984;Cerling et al, 1989;Cerling and Quade, 1993). Pedogenic carbonate and organic matter 8^^C values have thus been used to 1) determine the proportion of C4 biomass (0 to 100%) contributing to soil CO2 and 2) differentiate between standard physiognomic types of tropical plant communities in East Africa (e.g., Cerling, 1992;Kingston et al, 1994;Sikes, 1994Sikes, , 1995Sikes et al, 1999).…”

Section: Soil Stable Isotope Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stable isotopes of pedogenic carbonates as indicators of paleoecology in the Plio-Pleistocene (upper Bed I), western margin of the Olduvai Basin, Tanzania

Sikes

Ashley

2007

Journal of Human Evolution

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Section: Formation and Diagenesissupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Soil Stable Isotope Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soil Stable Isotope Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stable isotopes of pedogenic carbonates as indicators of paleoecology in the Plio-Pleistocene (upper Bed I), western margin of the Olduvai Basin, Tanzania

Sikes

Ashley

2007

Journal of Human Evolution

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“…A composição isotópica do carbono ( 13 C, 12 C) da MOS fornece registros da ocorrência de espécies de plantas C 3 e/ou C 4 nas comunidades de plantas no passado, uma vez que os valores isotópicos não são modificados com o tempo de modo a causar sobreposição nos valores dos ciclos fotossintéticos (Cerling et al, 1989). As plantas do tipo C 3 possuem valores isotópicos (δ 13 C) mais empobrecidos, entre -20,0‰ e -32,0‰, com uma média de -27,0‰, enquanto os valores de δ 13 C das espécies C 4 são mais enriquecidos variando entre -9,0‰ e -17,0‰, com média de -13,0‰.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Dinâmica do ecótono floresta-campo no sul do estado do Amazonas no Holoceno, através de estudos isotópicos e fitossociológicos

et al. 2007

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ResumoCom o emprego dos isótopos do carbono ( 12 C, 13 C, 14 C) da matéria orgânica do solo (MOS) e das plantas, é apresentado um estudo comparativo entre perfis orgânicos de solos formados em depressões de áreas cobertas por ecossistemas de campos e florestas ao sul do estado do Amazonas, visando o entendimento da dinâmica da paleovegetação. A dinâmica da vegetação atual na região foi avaliada utilizando-se estudos fitossociológicos e caracterizações botânica e isotópica (δ 13 C) das espécies de plantas presentes em duas bordas floresta-campo. Teores de carbono orgânico total foram superiores nas camadas superficiais no campo, quando comparados com a floresta. Dados de δ 13 C associados à cronologia do 14 C indicaram predomínio de plantas C 3 no início do Holoceno em ambos os ecótonos. Entre aproximadamente 7.000-3.000 anos AP verificou-se a influência crescente de plantas C 4 , indicando regressão da floresta com possível presença de um clima mais seco. A partir de aproximadamente 3.000 anos AP os dados sugeriram expansão da floresta provavelmente relacionada ao retorno a um clima mais úmido. A presença de algumas espécies características da borda, como a Sclerolobium paniculatum e Himatanthus sucuuba, nos campos, sugere o atual avanço da floresta sobre os mesmos. Estas espécies estariam sendo as bioindicadoras desse avanço. PALAVRAs-CHAVeIsótopos do carbono, Dinâmica de vegetação, Holoceno, Fitossociologia, Amazônia. Vegetation dynamics during the Holocene in a forest-savanna transition, Southern Amazon Basin, based on isotope and phytosociological studiesAbstRACt This paper presents a comparative study between organic soil horizons formed in depressions located at the forest/savanna boundary in the Southern Amazon Basin. The influence of the paleovegetation dynamics, based on carbon isotope ( 12 C, 13 C and 14 C) data of soil organic matter (SOM) and plants was evaluated, as well as the present vegetation dynamics, inferred from the modern vegetation structure, composition and phytosociology. The uppermost soil horizon in savanna showed higher total carbon content than in forest. 13 C and 14 C data from soil samples indicated a predominance of C 3 plants in the early Holocene. About 7000 to 3000 14 C yr BP the influence of C 4 plants increased, indicating savanna expansion probably related to a drier climate in the region. Since approximately 3000 14 C yr BP, the carbon isotope data suggest the expansion of forest probably due to a wetter climate. The presence of typical boundary plant species (Sclerolobium paniculatum and Himatanthus sucuuba) in the savanna also suggested present forest expansion.

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“…carbon isotopes | herbivore diet | bioapatite | paleodiet | mammal S table carbon isotope ratios from fossil tooth enamel, pedogenic carbonates, and terrestrial plant biomarkers are commonly used to determine the relative amounts of C 3 and C 4 vegetation in ancient habitats (1)(2)(3)(4). These paleovegetation proxies integrate over different spatial and temporal scales, and each proxy has inherent strengths and weaknesses when used to reconstruct the relative amounts of C 3 and C 4 vegetation in ancient habitats (5,6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Miocene to Pliocene carbon isotope record of differential diet change among East African herbivores

Uno

Cerling

Harris³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

172

142

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Stable isotope and molecular data suggest that C 4 grasses first appeared globally in the Oligocene. In East Africa, stable isotope data from pedogenic carbonate and fossil tooth enamel suggest a first appearance between 15-10 Ma and subsequent expansion during the Plio-Pleistocene. The fossil enamel record has the potential to provide detailed information about the rates of dietary adaptation to this new resource among different herbivore lineages. We present carbon isotope data from 452 fossil teeth that record differential rates of diet change from C 3 to mixed C 3 /C 4 or C 4 diets among East African herbivore families at seven different time periods during the Late Miocene to the Pliocene (9.9-3.2 Ma). Significant amounts of C 4 grasses were present in equid diets beginning at 9.9 Ma and in rhinocerotid diets by 9.6 Ma, although there is no isotopic evidence for expansive C 4 grasslands in this part of the Late Miocene. Bovids and hippopotamids followed suit with individuals that had C 4 -dominated (>65%) diets by 7.4 Ma. Suids adopted C 4 -dominated diets between 6.5 and 4.2 Ma. Gomphotheriids and elephantids had mostly C 3 -dominated diets through 9.3 Ma, but became dedicated C 4 grazers by 6.5 Ma. Deinotheriids and giraffids maintained a predominantly C 3 diet throughout the record. The sequence of differential diet change among herbivore lineages provides ecological insight into a key period of hominid evolution and valuable information for future studies that focus on morphological changes associated with diet change.carbon isotopes | herbivore diet | bioapatite | paleodiet | mammal

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Carbon isotopes in soils and palaeosols as ecology and palaeoecology indicators

Cited by 526 publications

References 13 publications

Stable isotopes of pedogenic carbonates as indicators of paleoecology in the Plio-Pleistocene (upper Bed I), western margin of the Olduvai Basin, Tanzania

Stable isotopes of pedogenic carbonates as indicators of paleoecology in the Plio-Pleistocene (upper Bed I), western margin of the Olduvai Basin, Tanzania

Dinâmica do ecótono floresta-campo no sul do estado do Amazonas no Holoceno, através de estudos isotópicos e fitossociológicos

Late Miocene to Pliocene carbon isotope record of differential diet change among East African herbivores

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