Carbon isotope fractionation between diet, breath CO2, and bioapatite in different mammals

Passey, Benjamin H.; Robinson, Todd; Ayliffe, Linda K.; Cerling, Thure E.; Sponheimer, Matt; Dearing, M. Denise; Roeder, Beverly L.; Ehleringer, James R.

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2005.03.015

Cited by 496 publications

(389 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This is in agreement with the fact that C 4 grasses never reached Central and Northern Europe due to climatic and ecological reasons (e.g., Cerling et al, 1997). The other taxa were also predominantly grazers, and even though their tooth enamel displays lower δ 13 C values than bison, they ingested plants with similar or slightly higher δ 13 C values of around − 25.5 to − 24.5‰, applying the bioapatite-diet isotope enrichment of 13.3‰ for extant large hindgut fermenters (Passey et al, 2005). Mammuthus primigenius particularly shows the lowest mean δ 13 C value of all taxa, despite its similar digestive physiology and diet as those of woolly rhinoceroses and horses (hindgut fermenters).…”

Section: Carbon Isotopic Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon and oxygen stable isotope compositions of late Pleistocene mammal teeth from dolines of Ajoie (Northwestern Switzerland)

Scherler

Tütken

Becker³

2014

Quat. res.

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Fossils of megaherbivores from eight late Pleistocene 14 C-and OSL-dated doline infillings of Ajoie (NW Switzerland) were discovered along the Transjurane highway in the Swiss Jura. Carbon and oxygen analyses of enamel were performed on forty-six teeth of large mammals (Equus germanicus, Mammuthus primigenius, Coelodonta antiquitatis, and Bison priscus), coming from one doline in Boncourt (~80 ka, marine oxygen isotope stage MIS5a) and seven in Courtedoux (51-27 ka, late MIS3), in order to reconstruct the paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental conditions of the region. Similar enamel δ 13 C values for both periods, ranging from −14.5 to −9.2‰, indicate that the megaherbivores lived in a C 3 plant-dominated environment. Enamel δ 18 O PO4 values range from 10.9 to 16.3‰ with a mean of 13.5 ± 1.0‰ (n = 46). Mean air temperatures (MATs) were inferred using species-specific δ 18 O PO4 -δ 18 O H2O -calibrations for modern mammals and a present-day precipitation δ 18 O H2O -MAT relation for Switzerland. Similar average MATs of 6.6 ± 3.6°C for the deposits dated to~80 ka and 6.5 ± 3.3°C for those dated to the interval 51-27 ka were estimated. This suggests that these mammals in the Ajoie area lived in mild periods of the late Pleistocene with MATs only about 2.5°C lower than modern-day temperatures.

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Section: Carbon Isotopic Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon and oxygen stable isotope compositions of late Pleistocene mammal teeth from dolines of Ajoie (Northwestern Switzerland)

Scherler

Tütken

Becker³

2014

Quat. res.

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“…The same sort of thing can be said for stable isotope techniques where, for instance, experimental manipulations of diet result in changes to the isotopic composition of sampled tissues (e.g. DeNiro & Epstein, 1978; Passey et al, 2005) and where, for example, carbon isotope values for bovids from the early hominin sites in South Africa indicate that 25% of specimens would be misclassified (in terms of diet) if based on taxonomic affiliation alone (Sponheimer, Reed, & Lee‐Thorp, 2001). …”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

The phylogenetic signal in tooth wear: What does it mean?

DeSantis

Grine

Janis

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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A new study by Fraser et al (2018) urges the use of phylogenetic comparative methods, whenever possible, in analyses of mammalian tooth wear. We are concerned about this for two reasons. First, this recommendation may mislead the research community into thinking that phylogenetic signal is an artifact of some sort rather than a fundamental outcome of the evolutionary process. Secondly, this recommendation may set a precedent for editors and reviewers to enforce phylogenetic adjustment where it may unnecessarily weaken or even directionally alter the results, shifting the emphasis of analysis from common patterns manifested by large clades to rare cases.

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“…The adage ''You are what you eat'' reflects the observation that there are limited differences (Յ1‰) between heterotrophic organisms and their diet in either the ␦ 13 C or ␦ 34 S values (6)(7)(8). These small isotopic differences arise because of fractionation events during metabolism; they also reflect that diet-derived carbon and sulfur are the only input sources into most heterotrophs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Keratin is synthesized from amino acids in the hair follicle, and these keratin sheets form the basis of hair tissue. With the exception of a fraction of the H atoms that freely exchange with environmental water (17), H atoms in keratin are no longer subject to isotopic exchange and are recorders of isotopic inputs to and cycling within a person's body, as has been shown for carbon isotopes (2,4,6,7). We develop a steady-state model that considers new inputs of amino acids to an individual's body, and assume that recycling of other body tissues is in equilibrium with dietary inputs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in human hair are related to geography

Ehleringer

Bowen

Chesson

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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329

440

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We develop and test a model to predict the geographic region-oforigin of humans based on the stable isotope composition of their scalp hair. This model incorporates exchangeable and nonexchangeable hydrogen and oxygen atoms in amino acids to predict the ␦ 2 H and ␦ 18 O values of scalp hair (primarily keratin). We evaluated model predictions with stable isotope analyses of human hair from 65 cities across the United States. The model, which predicts hair isotopic composition as a function of drinking water, bulk diet, and dietary protein isotope ratios, explains >85% of the observed variation and reproduces the observed slopes relating the isotopic composition of hair samples to that of local drinking water. Based on the geographical distributions of the isotope ratios of tap waters and the assumption of a ''continental supermarket'' dietary input, we constructed maps of the expected average H and O isotope ratios in human hair across the contiguous 48 states. Applications of this model and these observations are extensive and include detection of dietary information, reconstruction of historic movements of individuals, and provision of regionof-origin information for unidentified human remains. stable isotopes ͉ water ͉ anthropology ͉ forensics ͉ meteoric water T he carbon (␦ 13 C), nitrogen (␦ 15 N), and sulfur (␦ 34 S) isotope ratios of humans, other animals, and microbes are strongly correlated with the isotope ratios of their dietary inputs (1-5). The adage ''You are what you eat'' reflects the observation that there are limited differences (Յ1‰) between heterotrophic organisms and their diet in either the ␦ 13 C or ␦ 34 S values (6-8). These small isotopic differences arise because of fractionation events during metabolism; they also reflect that diet-derived carbon and sulfur are the only input sources into most heterotrophs. Although there are larger ''spacing'' differences in ␦ 15 N values (Ϸ3‰) between an organism and its dietary source (9), the isotopic relationships between organism and diet persist. ␦ 13 C, ␦ 15 N, and ␦ 34 S values provide limited geographic-based information about the origins of a food source. Hydrogen (␦ 2 H) and oxygen (␦ 18 O) isotope ratios of organic matter are more useful, because ␦ 2 H and ␦ 18 O values of precipitation and tap waters vary along geographic gradients (10, 11).Although differences in the ␦ 2 H and ␦ 18 O values of scalp hair have been noted in humans (12), less is known about dietorganism patterns of ␦ 2 H and ␦ 18 O values. Four potential sources can be important: dietary organic molecules, dietary waters, drinking waters, and atmospheric diatomic oxygen. Hobson et al.(13) provided evidence that ␦ 2 H values of drinking water were incorporated into different proteinaceous tissues of quail, although no mechanistic basis was proposed for this relationship. The ␦ 2 H values of bird feathers and butterfly wings (both are largely keratin) and water in the region in which the tissue was produced are highly correlated (14, 15). showed that Ϸ70% of the oxygen and Ϸ...

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Carbon isotope fractionation between diet, breath CO2, and bioapatite in different mammals

Cited by 496 publications

References 37 publications

Carbon and oxygen stable isotope compositions of late Pleistocene mammal teeth from dolines of Ajoie (Northwestern Switzerland)

Carbon and oxygen stable isotope compositions of late Pleistocene mammal teeth from dolines of Ajoie (Northwestern Switzerland)

The phylogenetic signal in tooth wear: What does it mean?

Hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in human hair are related to geography

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