Carbon-Isotope, Diatom, and Pollen Evidence for Late Holocene Salinity Change in a Brackish Marsh in the San Francisco Estuary

Byrne, Roger; Ingram, B. Lynn; Starratt, Scott W.; Malamud-Roam, Frances; Collins, Joshua N.; Conrad, Mark E.

doi:10.1006/qres.2000.2199

Cited by 89 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Much of this coastal population is directly or indirectly affected by coastal flood risks, even as such risks might be mitigated by forward-thinking coastal wetland management and preservation [7]. Stratigraphic and paleoecological evidence documents that coastal wetlands have adapted to marine transgressions and regressions throughout the Holocene [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Hence, coastal wetlands appear to be self-sustaining ecosystems despite human, climate, and sea level impacts.…”

Section: Coastal Wetland Occurrence and Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Stable States and Catastrophic Shifts in Coastal Wetlands: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Validating Theory Using Remote Sensing and Other Methods

et al. 2015

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Multiple stable states are established in coastal tidal wetlands (marshes, mangroves, deltas, seagrasses) by ecological, hydrological, and geomorphological feedbacks. Catastrophic shifts between states can be induced by gradual environmental change or by disturbance events. These feedbacks and outcomes are key to the sustainability and resilience of vegetated coastlines, especially as modulated by human activity, sea level rise, and climate change. Whereas multiple stable state theory has been invoked to model salt marsh responses to sediment supply and sea level change, there has been comparatively little empirical verification of the theory for salt marshes or other coastal wetlands. Especially lacking is long-term evidence documenting if or how stable states are established and maintained at ecosystem scales. Laboratory and field-plot studies are informative, but of necessarily limited spatial and temporal scope. For the purposes of long-term, coastal-scale monitoring, remote sensing is the best viable option. This review summarizes the above topics and highlights the emerging promise and challenges of using remote sensing-based analyses to validate coastal OPEN ACCESS Remote Sens. 2015, 7 10185 wetland dynamic state theories. This significant opportunity is further framed by a proposed list of scientific advances needed to more thoroughly develop the field.

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Section: Coastal Wetland Occurrence and Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Stable States and Catastrophic Shifts in Coastal Wetlands: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Validating Theory Using Remote Sensing and Other Methods

et al. 2015

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“…Palaeoecological techniques have been less widely used in estuaries due to their complex and dynamic nature. However, palaeoecological studies are becoming more frequent (e.g., Byrne et al 2001;Clarke et al 2003;Ellegaard et al 2006;Garcia-Rodriguez 2006;Haynes et al 2007;Plater et al 2000;Ryves et al 2004;Saunders et al 2007Saunders et al , 2008Taffs et al 2008;Weckström 2006;Zong et al 2006). Some of these studies have provided direct management information by addressing long term human impacts such as nutrient enrichment (e.g., Ellegaard et al 2006), the impacts of land use change (e.g., Taffs 2008) and changes in salinity (e.g., Garcia-Rodriguez 2006; Ryves et al 2004).…”

Section: Palaeoecological Techniques and Their Value To Estuarine Manmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palaeoecology: A tool to improve the management of Australian estuaries

Saunders

Taffs

2009

Journal of Environmental Management

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“…Beyond the period of initial decomposition, several investigations have shown that bulk sediment δ 13 C values are incorporated into coastal sedimentary archives in a manner allowing reliable identification of floral zones after more than 3000 years (Byrne et al, 2001;Malamud-Roam and Ingram, 2004;Lamb et al, 2007). These studies suggested that fractionation of bulk sediment δ 13 C is most pronounced during the short period following deposition of dead plant material and that bulk sediment underwent little further change.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of stable carbon isotopes for reconstructing salt‐marsh floral zones and relative sea level, New Jersey, USA

Kemp¹,

Vane²,

Horton³

et al. 2011

J Quaternary Science

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We investigated use of δ13C in bulk organic sediment to define the botanical origin of samples preserved in coastal sediment as a means to reconstruct relative sea level in New Jersey, USA. Modern transects at three sites demonstrated that low and high salt‐marsh floral zones dominated by C4 species (Spartina alterniflora and Spartina patens) were associated with sediment δ13C values between −18.9‰ and −15.8‰ and occurred from mean tide level (MTL) to mean higher high water (MHHW). Brackish transitional settings vegetated by Phragmites australis with Iva fructescens and Typha sp. (C3 species) and freshwater upland samples (C3 species) were characterized by bulk sediment δ13C values of −27.0‰ to −22.0‰ and existed above MHHW. Parallel transects at one site suggested that intra‐site variability was not discernible. The utility of δ13C values for reconstructing relative sea level in New Jersey is limited by an inability to differentiate between brackish sediments related to sea level and freshwater upland samples. To facilitate this distinction in a 4.4 m core, we used a multi‐proxy approach (δ13C values with presence or absence of agglutinated foraminifera) to recognize indicative meanings for four sample types. Sediment with δ13C values greater than −18.9‰ was derived from a vegetated salt‐marsh and formed between MTL and MHHW. Sediment with δ13C values less than −22.0‰ and containing agglutinated foraminifera formed in a brackish transitional zone between MHHW and highest astronomical tide (HAT). This is the narrowest elevational range of the four sample types and most precise sea‐level indicator. Sediment with δ13C values less than −22.0‰ and lacking foraminifera can only constrain the upper bound of former sea level. Samples with intermediate values (−22.0‰ to −18.9‰) formed between MTL and HAT. Using these indicative meanings and radiocarbon dates, we suggest that a transition from brackish to salt‐marsh δ13C values recorded in the core took approximately 350 years (from 1800 to 1450 cal. a BP). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Carbon-Isotope, Diatom, and Pollen Evidence for Late Holocene Salinity Change in a Brackish Marsh in the San Francisco Estuary

Cited by 89 publications

References 22 publications

Multiple Stable States and Catastrophic Shifts in Coastal Wetlands: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Validating Theory Using Remote Sensing and Other Methods

Multiple Stable States and Catastrophic Shifts in Coastal Wetlands: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Validating Theory Using Remote Sensing and Other Methods

Palaeoecology: A tool to improve the management of Australian estuaries

Application of stable carbon isotopes for reconstructing salt‐marsh floral zones and relative sea level, New Jersey, USA

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