Carbon flow of urban system and its policy implications: The case of Nanjing

Zhao, Rongqin; Huang, Xianjin; Zhong, Taiyang; Liu, Ying; Chuai, Xiaowei

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.02.020

Cited by 40 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Emission per capita emission was 1.38 t, which was much lower than many cities in China Kennedy et al, 2012;Zhao et al, 2014). The emissions from point and areal sources accounted for 54 and 32% of the total, respectively.…”

Section: Carbon Emission Sources and Sinksmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Although emissions from a number of carbon sources were considered by existing literatures, there was not a clear view on carbon cycle of urban systems that could tackle carbon-related factors and processes such as storage and emission in a holistic manner (Zhao et al, 2014). In consideration of this fact, Churkina (2008) emphasized the necessity of considering both biophysical and human-related carbon fluxes through an integrated urban carbon cycle approach, significantly promoting relevant studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Resolution Mapping of Carbon Flows in Urban Systems: A Case Study in Guangyuan, an Earthquake-Affected Mountainous City of China

Hao

Zhang²,

Cai³

et al. 2015

J ENV INFORM

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ABSTRACT. Being different from inventoried data, spatialized maps of carbon dioxide (CO2) flow at high resolution in urban areas are essential for carbon cycle research and carbon reduction management. In this research, Guangyuan, a mountainous city located in southwestern China, which was heavily affected by the 2008 earthquake, was used as a studying case. In this city, gridded data of vertical carbon flows at 1-km resolution was extracted based on point emission sources and other supporting data in Guangyuan. Among the 16,020 grids, 4,465 performed as CO2 emission sources while the other 11,555 as sinks. On the whole, Guangyuan City served as a carbon sink in 2010, with the total net flow of 0.44 Mt CO2 being sequestered and stored by vegetations. The overall pattern of emission sources and sinks matched well with local land-use patterns. The hotspots of CO2 emissions appeared in the builtup areas along local valleys, as well as low mountainous areas. On the contrary, large areas of carbon sinks were mainly distributed in the mountainous areas of northwest and northeast parts of Guangyuan. With regard to the distribution of gridded emissions, an evidently clustered characteristic was identified. The proportion of the largest individual emission grid accounted for 12.01% of the total emission. The cumulative percentage of gridded emissions indicated that supervision of 0.06% of the total area could enable effective management of approximately 60% of the total emissions in Guangyuan. Thus, the spatialized gridded data of carbon flows produced in this research can provide significant policy implications for urban planning and regional carbon flow mitigation.

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Section: Carbon Emission Sources and Sinksmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution Mapping of Carbon Flows in Urban Systems: A Case Study in Guangyuan, an Earthquake-Affected Mountainous City of China

Hao

Zhang²,

Cai³

et al. 2015

J ENV INFORM

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“…Case study of the urban carbon cycle of Nanjing City showed that carbon flux in terms of solid waste was 43. 31-79.48 Gg (200031-79.48 Gg ( -2009, which was only 0.25-0.3% of the total carbon flux in the city (including industrial and residential carbon flux) (Zhao et al, 2014). However, the solid waste became a more important element of the carbon flux on the neighborhood scale.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the carbon cycle of the municipal solid waste management system for urban metabolism

Zhou

Huang

Cao

et al. 2015

Ecological Modelling

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a b s t r a c tMunicipal solid waste management is one of the key subsystems of urban metabolism, which significantly impacts urban carbon cycles. A conceptual model for analyzing the carbon cycle of the municipal solid waste management system was established based on the theory of urban metabolism with regard to urban carbon cycling. The model includes horizontal fluxes, vertical fluxes and carbon stocks of the waste managing processes such as waste collection, transportation, treatment and disposal. The current carbon cycling of the municipal solid waste management system and two other scenarios were analyzed using a Jingmen City case study. The results indicate that the input horizontal flux in municipal solid waste between 1989 and 2004 was 293.47 Gg. Among all of the considered scenarios, the landfill formed the largest carbon stocks; incineration showed the largest vertical fluxes of carbon dioxide, and source separation and integrated technologies decreased carbon emissions by adding new carbon sources to the urban system. Improving municipal solid waste management using techniques, such as waste minimization, source separation, recycling, technical innovations of incineration, compost and digestion of organic waste, landfill mining, etc., could impact the urban carbon cycle by reducing carbon emissions.

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“…Direct emissions are caused by citizens' activities and are discharged within city geographical boundaries, while indirect emissions are also caused by citizens' activities, but occur outside the city boundaries. Carbon Flows (Zhao, R. et al, 2014), Carbon Footprint (Sovacool & Brown, 2010), DPSC (Greater London Authority (GLA), 2014) and GPC are included this category. Detailed descriptions are shown in Table 2.…”

Section: City Inventory Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Accounting for Chinese Cities: A Preliminary Study

Zhao

2016

IRSPSD International

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Abstract:City Greenhouse Gas (GHG) inventory, a framework for measuring a city's detailed emissions from all activities, provides scientific evidence for the purpose of policy-making. As one of the largest GHG emitters in the world, China aims to reduce CO2 emissions per unit of GDP to 60 to 65 percent below 2005 levels by 2030. However, city GHG inventories in China have not yet been published by the city governments. Furthermore, previous studies on city inventory accounting are neither complete nor globally comparable. Hence, a case study of Beijing was conducted for the purpose of reporting the city inventory completely and enabling data to be comparable internationally. This research quantifies Beijing's latest emissions based on available data through multiple methods, including Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas emissions inventories (GPC), a method devised by the Japanese Ministry of Environment (Japanese Ministry of Environment, 2010) and a method from recent academic research on CO2 emissions in the Chinese iron and steel industry (Zhao, Y. Q., . According to these methods, Beijing's GHG emissions were 373,558,617 t CO2 in 2012. Additionally, comparisons between Beijing and six other mega-cities of Shanghai, Tokyo, New York, Washington D.C., London and Paris show that Beijing's 2012 GHG emission per capita and per 10,000 CNY GDP ranked the highest. This study creates a timely and relatively complete GHG emission inventory that can be widely applied for comparisons and presents recommendations for city inventory building.

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Carbon flow of urban system and its policy implications: The case of Nanjing

Cited by 40 publications

References 43 publications

High-Resolution Mapping of Carbon Flows in Urban Systems: A Case Study in Guangyuan, an Earthquake-Affected Mountainous City of China

High-Resolution Mapping of Carbon Flows in Urban Systems: A Case Study in Guangyuan, an Earthquake-Affected Mountainous City of China

Modeling the carbon cycle of the municipal solid waste management system for urban metabolism

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Accounting for Chinese Cities: A Preliminary Study

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