Carbon Fibers Obtained by Thermal Decomposition of Vaporized Hydrocarbon

Abstract

Neonatal seizures are the most common neurological emergency in the neonatal period and are associated with a poor long-term outcome. Early detection and treatment may improve prognosis. This paper aims to develop an optimal set of parameters and a comprehensive scheme for patient-independent multichannel EEG-based neonatal seizure detection. We employed a dataset containing 411 neonatal seizures. The dataset consists of multi-channel EEG recordings with a mean duration of 14.8 h from 17 neonatal patients. Early-integration and late-integration classifier architectures were considered for the combination of information across EEG channels. Three classifier models based on linear discriminants, quadratic discriminants and regularized discriminants were employed. Furthermore, the effect of electrode montage was considered. The best performing seizure detection system was found to be an early integration configuration employing a regularized discriminant classifier model. A referential EEG montage was found to outperform the more standard bipolar electrode montage for automated neonatal seizure detection. A cross-fold validation estimate of the classifier performance for the best performing system yielded 81.03% of seizures correctly detected with a false detection rate of 3.82%. With post-processing, the false detection rate was reduced to 1.30% with 59.49% of seizures correctly detected. These results represent a comprehensive illustration that robust reliable patient-independent neonatal seizure detection is possible using multi-channel EEG.

Chemical Vapor Deposition of Carbon Nanotubes: A Review on Growth Mechanism and Mass Production

“…6 7 In the 1970s extensive works were carried out independently by Baker and Endo to synthesize and understand tubular nanofibers of multi-layered carbon. [8][9][10][11][12] Thus, today's mostpopular CNT technique, the CVD, may probably be the most-ancient technique of growing CNTs in the name of filaments and fibers. More detailed reviews of the early works have been written by Baker, 13 14 Endo, 15 20 and Dresselhaus.…”

“…A carbon nanotube (CNT) is a tubular structure made of carbon atoms, having diameter of nanometer order but length in micrometers. Although this kind of structures was synthesized, studied and reported by several researchers during 1952-1989, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Iijima's detailed analysis of helical arrangement of carbon atoms on seamless coaxial cylinders in 1991, proved to be a discovery report. 18 Since then, CNT has remained an exciting material ever.…”

Effect of Uniaxial Stress on the Raman Spectra of Graphite Fibers.

“…After the fiber growth, graphitization of the fibers is accomplished by heat treatment at a temperature of 2900'C using a carbon-resistance furnace in a high-purity argon atmosphere. The resulting fibers consist of faceted concentric graphite layers around the fiber axis, such as the annular rings of a tree [6]. The fiber diameter used in this work was 7.6/Lm and the fiber length was 15 mm.…”

“…For hexagonal crystals, symmetry reduces the generalization of Hooke's law which relates an arbitrary stress to an arbitrary strain as follows The carbon fibers used in this experiment exhibit a unique structural morphology, since the carbon was deposited in a cylindrically symmetric fashion leading to a smooth uniform lamellar deposit in which the graphitic basal planes had a high degree of preferred orientation, lying nearly parallel to the fiber axis [6]. Hence, taking the coordinate system shown in Figure 7, for a uniaxial stress, a, applied along the fiber axis,…”

A Conversation with Prof. Mildred Dresselhaus: A Career in Carbon Nanomaterials

“…His synthesis of very nice carbon fibers goes back to 1972, 7 and the French knew about it. In fact, the Russians were doing this back in 1954 or some ancient time like that.…”