Carbon emissions from power sector in Pakistan and opportunities to mitigate those

Yousuf, Irfan; Ghumman, Abdul Razzaq; Hashmi, Hashim Nisar; Kamal, Mumtaz Ahmed

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.03.003

Cited by 67 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…As a South Asian country, Pakistan is not an exception, and the vulnerability index of climate change in the country is quite high. The country is listed among the countries severely affected by climate change [69] despite being a low producer of CO 2 gases [70] because of its increasing dependence on agriculture for food and fiber needs [71]. In addition, the agriculture sector of Pakistan consists of a majority of small resource, poor farmers with less adaption capacity.…”

Section: Conclusion and Policy Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Nexus of CO2 Emissions, Economic Growth, Land under Cereal Crops and Agriculture Value-Added in Pakistan Using an ARDL Approach

et al. 2019

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The present study attempts to explore the correlation between carbon dioxide emissions (CO2 e), gross domestic product (GDP), land under cereal crops (LCC) and agriculture value-added (AVA) in Pakistan. The study exploits time-series data from 1961 to 2014 and further applies descriptive statistical analysis, unit root test, Johansen co-integration test, autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model and pairwise Granger causality test. The study employes augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) and Phillips–Perron (PP) tests to check the stationarity of the variables. The results of the analysis reveal that there is both short- and long-run association between agricultural production, economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in the country. The long-run results estimate that there is a positive and insignificant association between carbon dioxide emissions, land under cereal crops, and agriculture value-added. The results of the short-run analysis point out that there is a negative and statistically insignificant association between carbon dioxide emissions and gross domestic product. It is very important for the Government of Pakistan’s policymakers to build up agricultural policies, strategies and planning in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Consequently, the country should promote environmentally friendly agricultural practices in order to strengthen its efforts to achieve sustainable agriculture.

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Section: Conclusion and Policy Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Nexus of CO2 Emissions, Economic Growth, Land under Cereal Crops and Agriculture Value-Added in Pakistan Using an ARDL Approach

et al. 2019

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“…It is recognized that Pakistan's power sector is one of the major contributors of GHG emissions due to fossil fuel-based thermal power generation [59]. In this context, the government's ambition of adopting clean coal technologies is important since coal is the most polluting fuel with increased CO 2 , NO X (NO + NO 2 ), and SO 2 emissions [60].…”

Section: The Future Of Ghg Emissions Reduction In Pakistanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cleaner and Sustainable Energy Production in Pakistan: Lessons Learnt from the Pak-TIMES Model

et al. 2019

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The energy planning process essentially requires addressing diverse planning objectives, including prioritizing resources, and the estimation of environmental emissions and associated health risks. This study investigates the impacts of atmospheric pollution for Pakistan from the energy production processes under various modalities. A national-scale bottom-up energy optimization model (Pak-TIMES) with the ANSWER-TIMES framework is developed to assess the electricity generation pathways (2015–2035) and estimate GHG emissions and major air pollutants, i.e., CH4, CO, CO2, N2O, NOX, PM1, PM10, PM2.5, PMBC, PMOC, PMTSP, SO2, and VOC under five scenarios. These scenarios are: BAU (business-as-usual), RE-30 (30% renewables), RE-40 (40% renewables), Coal-30 (30% coal), and Coal-40 (40% coal). It is revealed that to reach the electricity demand of 3091 PJ in 2035, both the Coal-30 and Coal-40 scenarios shall cause maximum emissions of GHGs, i.e., 260.13 and 338.92 Mt (million tons) alongside 40.52 and 54.03 Mt emissions of PMTSP in both of the scenarios, respectively. BAU scenario emissions are estimated to be 181.5 Mt (GHGs) and 24.30 Mt (PMTSP). Minimum emissions are estimated in the RE-40 scenario with 96.01 Mt of GHGs and 11.80 Mt of PMTSP, followed by the RE-30 scenario (143.20 GHGs and 17.73 Mt PMTSP). It is, therefore, concluded that coal-based electricity generation technologies would be a major source of emission and would contribute the highest amount of air pollution. This situation necessitates harnessing renewables in the future, which will significantly mitigate public health risks from atmospheric pollution.

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“…However, amongst these and various other tools, the LEAP energy model is a freely available tool for academia with sufficient capabilities and easy to use features for energy scenario planning and emission analysis. LEAP is a scenario-based energy and environmental modeling tool used in several countries for energy and environmental planning [10][11][12]. It is a user-friendly energy-modeling tool, which facilitates the tracking of energy resource extraction, production, and consumption in all sectors of the economy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Future Electricity Generation and Emissions Assessment for Pakistan

et al. 2019

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Electricity demand in Pakistan has consistently increased in the past two decades. However, this demand is so far partially met due to insufficient supply, inefficient power plants, high transmission and distribution system losses, lack of effective planning efforts and due coordination. The existing electricity generation also largely depends on the imported fossil fuels, which is a huge burden on the national economy alongside causing colossal loss to the environment. It is also evident from existing government plans that electricity generation from low-cost coal fuels in the near future will further increase the emissions. As such, in this study, following the government’s electricity demand forecast, four supply side scenarios for the study period (2013–2035) have been developed using Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System (LEAP) software tool. These scenarios are Reference scenario (REF) based on the government’s power expansion plans, and three alternative scenarios, which include, More Renewable (MRR), More Hydro (MRH), and More Hydro Nuclear (MRHN). Furthermore, the associated gaseous emissions (CO2, SO2, NOX, CH4, N2O) are projected under each of these scenarios. The results of this study reveal that the alternative scenarios are more environmentally friendly than the REF scenario where penetration of planned coal-based power generation plants would be the major sources of emissions. It is, therefore, recommended that the government, apart from implementing the existing plans, should consider harnessing the renewable energy sources as indispensable energy sources in the future energy mix for electricity generation to reduce the fossil-fuel import bill and to contain the emissions.

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Carbon emissions from power sector in Pakistan and opportunities to mitigate those

Cited by 67 publications

References 8 publications

Analysis of the Nexus of CO2 Emissions, Economic Growth, Land under Cereal Crops and Agriculture Value-Added in Pakistan Using an ARDL Approach

Analysis of the Nexus of CO2 Emissions, Economic Growth, Land under Cereal Crops and Agriculture Value-Added in Pakistan Using an ARDL Approach

Cleaner and Sustainable Energy Production in Pakistan: Lessons Learnt from the Pak-TIMES Model

Modeling of Future Electricity Generation and Emissions Assessment for Pakistan

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