Carbon electrode for desalination purpose in capacitive deionization

Abstract

Performance analysis of carbon electrode synthesized with poly (vinyl alcohol) and citric acid as cross-linking agent for desalination of NaCl solution in capacitive deionization AIP Conference Proceedings 1788, 030107 (2017) Abstract. Carbon electrodes for desalination purpose have been successfully synthesized using activated carbon powder (BET surface area = 700 -1400 m 2 /g), carbon black and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) binder by cross-linking method with glutaric acid (GA) at 120 C. The electrochemical properties of the carbon electrodes were analyzed using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) whilst the physical properties were observed with scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). In order to assess the desalting performance, salt removal experiments were performed by constructing a capacitive deionization unit cell with five pairs of carbon electrodes. For each pair consisted of two parallel carbon electrodes separated by a spacer. Desalination and regeneration processes were also observed in the salt-removal experiments. The salt-removal experiments were carried out in single-pass mode using a solution with 0.1 M NaCl at a flow rate of 10 mL/min. A voltage of 3 V was applied to the cell for 60 minutes for both processes in desalination and regeneration. The result showed that the percentage value of the salt-removal was achieved at 20%.

Carbon Nanofibers Form by Electrospinning with Flowrate Variations as Electrodes for Capacitive Deionization

“…The capacitance value of the electrosorptive system is calculated using Eq. 1 [12,13]: (1) where C0 and C are the initial and final concentrations of the saline solution, V is the volume of NaCl (mL) and M is the mass of the CNFs electrode used (g). The efficiency of the desalination process is determined by Eq.…”

Application of Carbons Produced from Rice Husk in the Process of Capacitive Deionization

“…When the potentials of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 V were applied to the CDI cell, the result showed that a 0.1 mol L -1 KCl solution had a greater percentage of salt removal than the solutions of NaCl and MgCl having the same concentration of ions dissolved. The percentage of salt removal from KCl was achieved at 55% for 3.0 V, while for NaCl and MgCl 20 and 30% were obtained, respectively [7][8].…”

“…In [7][8], carbon electrodes were synthesized using the PVA binder through a cross-linking method. It was shown that the application of carbon electrodes having hydrophilic properties allowing to increase in the wetted surface area, enhances the efficiency of CDI process.…”